Mārūt (ماروت)
Definition and Etymology
Mārūt (ماروت) is one of the two angels mentioned in Islamic tradition, usually coupled with the angel Hārūt (هاروت). These figures are themes of both the Islamic and pre-Islamic lore, with their story woven into various religious and cultural narratives.
- Etymology: The name “Mārūt” is derived from Arabic (ماروت), and its roots are debated among scholars, often considered to be of Chaldean or Babylonian origin.
- Translations:
- Arabic: ماروت
- Turkish: Marut
Narrative in Islamic Tradition
Mārūt, along with Hārūt, is mentioned in the Qur’an in the context of teaching magic to people in Babylon:
<p>“And they followed [instead] what the devils had recited during the reign of Solomon. It was not Solomon who disbelieved, but the devils disbelieved, teaching people magic and that which was revealed to the two angels at Babylon, Hārūt and Mārūt. But they do not teach anyone unless they say, ‘We are a trial, so do not disbelieve [by practicing magic].’” [Qur’an 2:102]</p>
In Islamic lore, Mārūt and Hārūt are tested by Allah when sent to Earth as a trial for mankind. They succumb to human temptations and are consequently punished, a story serving as a cautionary tale about the nature of celestial beings versus humans.
Significance in Islamic Teachings
The story of Mārūt and Hārūt highlights several key themes:
- Obedience and Disobedience: Despite being angels, Mārūt and Hārūt disobey Allah, emphasizing that divine beings are also subject to trials.
- Trial of Magic: Their narrative warns against the practice of magic, associating it with disbelief (kufr) and moral downfall.
- Moral Lessons: Demonstrates the continuous human struggle with temptation and the importance of adhering to Allah’s commands.
Scholarly Perspectives
This tale is analyzed extensively in hadith literature and Islamic exegesis (Tafsir). Scholars often use this narrative to discuss the nature of angels in Islam, the boundaries of human knowledge, and the ethical implications of engaging in forbidden practices.
Recommended Books for Further Studies
- “Major Themes of the Qur’an” by Fazlur Rahman – Offers insights into recurring themes in the Qur’an, including the story of Mārūt and Hārūt.
- “The Qur’an and Its Interpreters” by Mahmoud Ayoub – Discusses various Qur’anic stories and their interpretations, including that of Mārūt and Hārūt.
- “God’s Rule - Government and Islam: Six Centuries of Medieval Islamic Political Thought” by Patricia Crone – Provides context on Islamic thought and practices during the period when the story of Mārūt and Hārūt was prevalent.
Takeaways and Conclusion
The figure of Mārūt, alongside Hārūt, serves as a narrative device in Islamic theology to illustrate the themes of divine obedience, human weakness, and the prohibition of magic. Their story reinforces the idea of moral vigilance and the consequences of succumbing to temptation, serving as a powerful reminder to remain steadfast in faith.
The tale of Mārūt and Hārūt invites both theological reflection and ethical contemplation, making it a significant part of Islamic tradition and a subject of ongoing scholarly interest.
By delving into these stories and their interpretations, one can gain a deeper understanding of the values and lessons embedded in Islamic teachings.
