Mālik (مالك)
Definition
Mālik (Arabic: مالك) literally translates to “one in authority” or “a possessor”. In Islamic tradition, Mālik is the angel assigned to oversee Hell (Jahannam) and the suffering of the damned.
Qur’anic Reference
The mention of Mālik in the Qur’an can be found in Sūrah Az-Zukhruf (43:77):
<p>“And they shall cry out, ‘O Mālik! Let your Lord make an end of us.’ He shall say, ‘Verily, you are to remain.’”</p>
Etymology
- Arabic: مالك (Mālik)
- Turkish: Mâlik
The word derives from the root verb م-ل-ك (m-l-k), which conveys the meanings of owning, possessing, or holding authority.
Comparison with Other Religious Figures
There are interesting comparisons between Mālik in Islamic tradition and Molech (מֹלֶך), the fire-god and tutelary deity worshipped by the children of Ammon, though their roles and theologies are distinct.
Further Studies
For a comprehensive understanding of Mālik and his role within Islamic cosmology and eschatology, consider the following resources:
- “The Qur’an” by M.A.S. Abdel Haleem – A modern English translation with insightful annotations.
- “Angels in Islam” by Stephen Burge – A detailed exploration of the roles and representations of angels in Islamic theology.
- “The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought” – Provides a broader context for the discussion of authority and figures such as Mālik in Islam.
Takeaways
- Mālik’s Role: Mālik serves as the guardian angel of Hell in Islamic tradition, managing its affairs and the torment of its inhabitants.
- Qur’anic Importance: His specific mention in the Qur’an underscores the gravity of eternal punishment and divine justice in Islamic eschatology.
- Etymology: The meaning of Mālik as one in authority aligns with his role in overseeing Hell.
Conclusion
Mālik (مالك) symbolizes a significant aspect of Islamic eschatology related to divine justice and punishment. Understanding Mālik not only highlights Islamic perspectives on the afterlife but also provides deeper insights into religious thought and authority in the Islamic worldview.
