Lazarus - Al-ʿĀzar (العازر) in Islamic Context
Introduction
The figure of Lazarus, known in Arabic as al-ʿĀzar (العازر), holds a distinctive place in Islamic commentary and tradition, albeit not being directly mentioned by name in the Qurʾān. This entry explores his etymology, significance in Islamic context, and comparative accounts in Christian and Islamic traditions.
Etymology and Arabic Translation
The name “Lazarus” is derived from the Latinized form of the Hebrew name Eleazar, which means “God has helped.” In Arabic, the name Lazarus transforms into “al-ʿĀzar” (العازر).
Accounts in Islamic Tradition
Qur’anic Reference
While Lazarus (al-ʿĀzar) is not mentioned by name in the Qurʾān, his story is implicitly related to the miracles performed by Jesus (ʿĪsā). In Sūrat Āl-ʿImrān (3:43), Jesus states: “I will bring the dead to life by God’s permission.” Commentators, such as Jalāl al-Dīn, have interpreted this verse as a reference to the miracle of raising the dead, which includes Lazarus.
Commentary by Jalāl al-Dīn
Jalāl al-Dīn, a prominent Islamic scholar, commented on Sūrat Āl-ʿImrān (3:43) with specific mentions of Lazarus. He describes Lazarus as Jesus’ special friend and companion, whom Jesus revived by the permission of God.
Al-Kamālān’s Commentary
The commentators al-Kamālān provide an extensive narrative about the raising of Lazarus, noting strong similarities with the account in the New Testament. They elaborate on the role of Jesus in the miracle of bringing Lazarus back to life, emphasizing Jesus’ prophetic authority and divine support.
Comparative Aspects with New Testament
In the New Testament, the story of Lazarus is detailed in the Gospel of John (John 11:1-46). Lazarus is described as a friend of Jesus who falls sick and subsequently dies. Jesus arrives after four days and performs the miracle of resurrection, demonstrating his divine authority and compassion.
Books for Further Studies
- Jesus in the Qur’an by Geoffrey Parrinder
- The Muslim Jesus: Sayings and Stories in Islamic Literature by Tarif Khalidi
- Islam: Religion, History, and Civilization by Seyyed Hossein Nasr
- Qur’anic Studies: Sources and Methods of Scriptural Interpretation by John Burton
Takeaways and Conclusion
Lazarus, or al-ʿĀzar, is a significant figure in both Christian and Islamic traditions, symbolizing the themes of divine intervention and resurrection. His story underscores the miraculous abilities attributed to Jesus (ʿĪsā) in the Qurʾān and the shared reverence for biblical narratives within Islamic exegesis.
Understanding Lazarus’ place in Islamic thought enriches interfaith dialogue and highlights the convergences between different religious texts.
By exploring scholarly commentaries and comparative religious studies, one can appreciate the nuanced interpretations and the reverence for this profound miracle across cultures and religious traditions.
