Kufic
Definition
Kufic (Arabic: الكوفي, Turkish: Kufi) is a dominant style of early Arabic calligraphy characterized by its angular and linear forms. The term “Kufic” is derived from the name of the city of Kufa, located in southern Iraq, where this style of script is believed to have originated.
Etymology
The word Kufic comes from “Kufa,” the name of the city, combined with the English “-ic,” forming an adjective relating to Kufa. In Arabic, it is “الكوفي” (al-Kūfī), and in Turkish, it is “Kufi.”
Historical Context
Kufic script emerged in the early centuries of Islam and became particularly prominent from the 7th to the 10th centuries. Its geometric and highly readable nature made it suitable for inscribing lengthy Quranic texts on parchment and architectural structures.
Features
- Angular Quality: Kufic script is notable for its straight, angular letter forms.
- Utility: It was extensively used in transcribing Qur’anic manuscripts and in various forms of medieval Islamic art and architecture.
- Variants: Over time, the script saw various stylistic adaptations, including foliated and floral Kufic, which introduced more decorative elements.
Influence and Usage
Kufic was not only central in early manuscript production but also played a significant role in the decorative arts. Its use extended to inscriptions on buildings, coins, and other forms of visual art across the Islamic world.
Related Terms
- Calligraphy: The broader art of beautiful handwriting, of which Kufic is a significant historical style.
- Epigraphy: The study of inscriptions, often encompassing many Kufic examples in Islamic archaeology.
Suggested Books for Further Studies
- “Islamic Calligraphy” by Sheila S. Blair
- “The Splendor of Islamic Calligraphy” by Nassar Mansour
- “Arabic Script: Styles, Variants, and Calligraphic Adaptations” by Nabia Abbott
Takeaways
- Historical Significance: Kufic script is foundational to the development of Islamic calligraphy.
- Impact on Architecture: Its angular nature lent itself well to integration with Islamic architectural motifs and geometric designs.
- Preservation of Texts: Integral in the preservation and dissemination of Quranic texts during Islam’s formative centuries.
Conclusion
Kufic script stands as a symbol of the rich artistic and cultural heritage of early Islamic civilization. Its stylistic innovation set the stage for various subsequent forms of Arabic calligraphy, maintaining a revered place in both historical and modern artistic contexts.
This dictionary entry on Kufic includes etymology, cultural and historical background, key features, related terminologies, and further reading suggestions, ending with succinct takeaways and a conclusion highlighting its significance.
