Kiswah
Definition
The term Kiswah (Arabic: كسوة, Turkish: Kabe örtüsü) refers to the ceremonial cloth that drapes the Kaaba, the most sacred site in Islam located in the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca. The Kiswah is traditionally woven of silk and cotton, dyed black, and embroidered with gold thread that displays verses from the Quran.
Etymology
The word Kiswah is derived from the Arabic root ‘k-s-w’ (كسو), which means to cover or to dress. The Arabic noun Kiswah directly translates to “cover” or “drape.”
Historical Background
The practice of adorning the Kaaba with a cloth dates back to pre-Islamic times. In the pre-Islamic period, it was customary to cover the Kaaba with a large cloth known as “Ghilaf” that was often embroidered with poetry. Early Muslim rulers continued and formalized this tradition, making it an integral part of Islamic ritual practice.
Fabrication and Design
The contemporary Kiswah is a masterpiece of Islamic art, crafted with meticulous handwork. It consists of:
- Materials: Woven silk and cotton dyed in black.
- Embroidery: Intricate designs and Quranic verses embroidered in gold and silver thread.
- Dimensions: Approximately 658 m².
Ritual Significance
The Kiswah is changed annually on the 9th day of Dhu al-Hijjah, the day before the start of the Hajj pilgrimage. Traditionally, the old Kiswah is distributed among pilgrims as cherished items.
Symbolism and Cultural Importance
- Sacredness: Symbolizes the unity and sanctity of the Muslim Ummah.
- Heritage: Bears historical and spiritual significance over centuries of Islamic tradition.
- Universal Connection: Serves as a physical reminder of the monotheistic message of Islam.
Key Sources and Recommendations for Further Study
-
Books:
- “Mecca: The Sacred City” by Ziauddin Sardar
- “A History of the Kaaba” by David Pearson
-
Articles and Journals:
- “Kiswah and the Art of Islamic Textile” from Islamic Art Magazine
- “The Changing Veil of the Kaaba in Contemporary Contexts,” Journal of Islamic Studies
Key Takeaways
- The Kiswah serves both a spiritual and unifying function within the global Muslim community.
- It derives from pre-Islamic traditions but has been continuously adapted in Islamic culture.
- The elaborate process of creating the Kiswah reflects its importance and sacredness.
Conclusion
The Kiswah is much more than just a drape; it is a symbol of Islamic faith, history, and artistry. From its selection of materials and intricate embroidery to its ritualistic replacement, every detail about the Kiswah underscores its central role in Islamic tradition and practice. Studying this aspect of Islamic culture provides a deeper appreciation for the rich tapestry of religious practices and the profound reverence afforded to the Kaaba in the hearts of millions of Muslims worldwide.
