Definition and Significance of KIRĀMAH (كرامة)
Definition
KIRĀMAH (كرامة) refers to the extraordinary and miraculous acts attributed to saints (wali) in Islam. These miracles are distinct from those performed by prophets (nabi or rasul) and are believed to be a testament to the sainthood and piety of the individual. The concept highlights the spiritual capabilities of the friends of Allah, emphasizing divine support and favor bestowed upon them.
Etymology
KIRĀMAH derives from the Arabic root “ka-ra-ma” (كرم), which connotes “nobility,” “generosity,” and “honor.” The term literally translates to “miracle” or “generosity” and is used to describe the noble acts performed by saints through divine support.
Turkish Translation
In Turkish, KIRĀMAH is translated to “Keramet”, holding a similar connotation and significance in Islamic spirituality.
Differentiation from Muʿjizah
Muʿjizah (معجزة)
The term Muʿjizah (معجزة) is used exclusively for the miracles of prophets. These acts are considered a form of divine intervention specifically meant to validate the prophetic mission and message. Unlike KIRĀMAH, which underscores personal piety, muʿjizah serves to confirm a prophet’s connection with Allah and their role as a messenger.
Role and Beliefs in Islamic Tradition
Spiritual Implications
KIRĀMAH is viewed as a manifestation of Allah’s support to his pious servants. The followers of Islamic spirituality, particularly within Sufism, emphasize the occurrence of such miracles as evidence of their closeness to Allah. These miraculous events can range from incredible physical feats to profound mystical experiences, often serving to inspire and strengthen the faith of Muslims.
Notable Examples
- Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani: A renowned Sufi saint known for his miraculous deeds.
- Rabi’a al-Adawiyya: A female Sufi mystic famed for her spiritual insights and considered to have experienced KIRĀMAH.
Suggested Books for Further Study
- “Muslim Saints and Mystics” by Fariduddin Attar
- “The History of Sufism” by Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi
- “Sufism and the Saints of Islam” by Jean-Louis Michon
- “The Mystical Teachings of Al-Shadhili” by Ali ibn Alwahi
Takeaways and Conclusion
In summary, KIRĀMAH (كرامة) represents a significant aspect of Islamic spirituality, signifying the extraordinary miracles attributed to saints. The understanding and appreciation of KIRĀMAH provide deep insights into the divine-human relationship and the extraordinary capabilities bestowed upon the pious, separate from the prophetic miracles (muʿjizah) meant to affirm the message of Islam. This concept underscores the interactive dynamics between divine favor and human spirituality within the frame of Islamic beliefs and practices.
