Kibr (كبر)
Definition and Significance
Kibr (كبر) refers to “pride” or “haughtiness.” In Islamic teachings, kibr is considered a significant vice when attributed to humans, emphasizing the ethical and moral implications of arrogance and a sense of superiority. However, when the attribute of greatness is ascribed to Allah, it signifies His infinite greatness and supremacy, unbound by creation.
Etymology
The term kibr (كبر) is derived from the Arabic root k-b-r (كبر), which pertains to greatness or magnification. It is closely related linguistically to terms like Kabīr (كَبِير), which means “great,” and Takabbur (تَكَبُّر), meaning “arrogance.”
Translations
- Arabic: كبر (Kibr)
- Turkish: Kibir
Kibr in Human Context
In human contexts, kibr is viewed as a destructive vice that prevents humility and leads to ethical and spiritual decay. The Qur’an and Hadith literature extensively address kibr, warning against the perils it brings:
<p>“And worship Allah and do not associate anything with Him, and to parents do good and to relatives, orphans, the needy, the near neighbor, the neighbor farther away, the companion at your side, the traveler, and those whom your right hands possess. Indeed, Allah does not like those who are self-deluding and boastful.” — Surat An-Nisa 4:36</p>
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) also said:
<p>“He who has in his heart the weight of a mustard seed of pride shall not enter Paradise.” (Sahih Muslim)</p>
Kibr as a Divine Attribute
In the Islamic theological context, Kibr is an attribute befitting only Allah. Al-Kabīr (الكَبِير) is one of the 99 names of Allah, meaning “The Great One.” In this sense, it signifies Allah’s ultimate greatness and sovereignty, pointing to His unmatched and unparalleled nature.
Ethical Considerations and Avoidance
The Islamic tradition places an immense emphasis on self-reflection and humility to avoid falling into the trap of kibr. Muslims are encouraged to practice gratitude, acknowledge their limitations, and maintain an awareness of their reliance on Allah. Acts of worship, charity, and treating others with respect and dignity are viewed as essential practices in combatting personal arrogance.
Suggested Books for Further Study
- “Al-Ghazali on the Condemnation of Pride and Self-Admiration” - by Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali
- “Inner Dimensions of Islamic Worship” - by Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali
- “The Book of Assistance” - by Imam ‘Abdallah Ibn ‘Alawi Al-Haddad
- “Purification of the Heart: Signs, Symptoms, and Cures of the Spiritual Diseases of the Heart” - by Hamza Yusuf
Takeaways and Conclusion
Kibr, in the context of Islam, encapsulates both a reprehensible human vice and a divine attribute of Allah’s infinite greatness. As a human vice, it drives one away from humility and spiritual virtues, while as a divine attribute, it symbolizes Allah’s ultimate and unmatched supremacy. Islamic teachings promote a life grounded in humility, ethical behavior, and constant remembrance of one’s position before Allah.
Understanding and applying the principles related to kibr is crucial for spiritual growth and maintaining a harmonious community focused on submission to Allah and mutual respect among individuals.
Implementing a profound understanding of kibr can aid in personal development and foster a sense of humility and reverence, essential components of Islamic faith and practice.
