Khazraj, al-
Etymology and Translations
- Arabic: الخزرج (Al-Khazraj)
- Turkish: El-Hazrec
Introduction
Al-Khazraj (Arabic: الخزرج) was one of two major ruling clans in early seventh-century Medina, known for its significant early conversion to Islam and its impact on the political dynamics following the death of Prophet Muhammad.
Historical Background
Al-Khazraj, together with its sister clan, the al-Aws, formed the larger Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj tribal confederation, often simply referred to as the Ansar (Arabic: الأنصار, “Helpers”). These clans were pivotal during the formative stage of the Islamic community in Medina.
Role in Early Islam
Members of the Khazraj clan were among the first inhabitants of Medina to convert to Islam. This was catalyzed by the influential Treaty of Aqabah where the Khazraj, along with members of the Aws, pledged allegiance to Muhammad and promised support to the nascent Muslim community.
Against the Election of Successor (Caliphate)
Upon Prophet Muhammad’s death in 632 CE, a dispute arose in Medina concerning the succession of leadership. The Khazraj group supposedly considered appointing its own leader. This early tension highlighted the clan’s initial aspirations for regional leadership. However, with Abu Bakr’s subsequent appointment as the first caliph, the Khazraj eventually acquiesced to his leadership, reinforcing the caliphal authority and helping solidify the communal integrity within the burgeoning caliphate.
Impact on Islamic Political Development
The Khazraj’s eventual acceptance of Abu Bakr’s caliphate helped to unify the early Muslim community, facilitating the transition of power which could otherwise have destabilized the nascent Islamic state.
Suggested Books for Further Studies
- “The Life and Times of Muhammad” by John Glubb
- “Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources” by Martin Lings
- “The Succession to Muhammad” by Wilferd Madelung
- “The First Muslim: The Story of Muhammad” by Lesley Hazleton
Key Takeaways
- Al-Khazraj, a strong tribal faction in Medina, played an integral role in the early spread of Islam.
- The allegiance of the Khazraj to the Prophet and their pivotal role in the Treaty of Aqabah significantly contributed to the establishment of the Muslim community in Medina.
- Their internal leadership negotiations highlight the early political tensions in the Muslim ummah immediately following the Prophet’s death.
Conclusion
The history of Al-Khazraj is crucial in understanding the early political landscape of the Islamic community. Their contributions in the establishing period of Islam underscore the complex interplay of tribal dynamics and emerging Islamic governance.
