K͟HUMS (خمس)
Definition
K͟HUMS (خمس) is an Islamic term meaning “a fifth.” It denotes the practice of giving one-fifth (or 20%) of certain types of gain to the Baitu ʾl-Māl (بيت المال), the public treasury, or other specified recipients as per Islamic law.
Etymology
The term K͟HUMS (خمس) is derived from the Arabic word “خَمْس” (pronounced: khams), which means “five” or “a fifth.” The word is used in the context of finance and wealth distribution in Islam to refer specifically to a mandatory charitable contribution.
Arabic and Turkish Translations
- Arabic: خمس (K͟HUMS)
- Turkish: Humus (An acknowledged variant influenced by Arabic)
Significance in Islam
Historical Context
In Islam, K͟HUMS (خمس) has historically been an essential component of the financial system. It is prescribed in the Qur’an, specifically in Surah Al-Anfal (8:41):
<p>“And know that anything you obtain of war booty - then indeed, for Allah is one fifth of it and for the Messenger and for [his] near relatives and the orphans, the needy, and the [stranded] traveler…”</p>
Initially, K͟HUMS (خمس) applied to the spoils of war. Over time, its application was broadened to include different types of income, particularly savings and gains obtained in various contexts.
Modern Practice
Today, the concept of K͟HUMS (خمس) continues to be observed primarily by Shia Muslims. It involves the following:
- Economic Gains: A fifth of profits from employment, business, and accumulated wealth exceeding one’s expenses.
- Foundational Uses: Funds are distributed to the following categories:
- Allah: Contributions directed for religious and charitable activities.
- Prophet Muhammad’s Descendants (Syed/Sadaat): Provides financial support to the descendants of the Prophet.
- Needy and Orphans: Ensuring the welfare and aid for societal uplift.
- Public Treasury (Bait ul-Mal): Funds various community welfare projects and social services.
Legal and Theological Aspects
Scholars from different Islamic schools of thought have interpreted the necessities and distributions of K͟HUMS (خمس) differently. Generally considered a mandatory act, it is a significant demonstration of social justice and communal support in Muslim societies.
Recommended Books for Further Study
- “Islamic Finance: Principles and Practice” by Hans Visser
- “An Introduction to Islamic Finance: Theory and Practice” by Zamir Iqbal and Abbas Mirakhor
- “Maqasid al-Shariah: A Beginner’s Guide” by Jasser Auda
Takeaways and Conclusion
K͟HUMS (خمس) represents a key financial obligation in Islam, designed to promote economic equity and support the disadvantaged within the Muslim community. It emphasizes the essence of charity, self-purification, and responsibility toward societal welfare.
By understanding K͟HUMS (خمس), one gains deeper insight into the intricate balance of economic maintenance and social responsibilities prescribed in Islamic law, reflecting broader ethical and moral principles governing personal and community conduct.
For comprehensive understanding and scholarly depth, exploring the recommended resources will provide further elucidation on the theological and practical dimensions of K͟HUMS (خمس).
