Khīyānah (خيانة) in Islam
Definition
Khīyānah (خيانة) is an Arabic term that translates to “betrayal” or “breach of trust.” Within the Islamic context, it signifies the violation of trust and duties that one owes to individuals or to the community.
Etymology
The word Khīyānah is derived from the root “خ-ی-ن” (kh-y-n) which revolves around the concept of deceit or betrayal. The related verb Khaana (خان) means to deceive, betray, or act treacherously against someone who has placed trust in you.
Arabic and Turkish Translations
- Arabic: خيانة (Khīyānah)
- Turkish: İhanet
Legal Implications in Islam
In Islamic jurisprudence, the concept of Khīyānah is critically examined under ethical and legal frameworks:
- A well-established hadith (Prophetic tradition) recorded in the Hidāyah (a key text in Hanafi jurisprudence, volume ii, page 93) asserts that amputation, a penalty for theft in Islamic law, is not incurred by a breach of trust. This signifies a distinction between Khīyānah and ordinary theft, emphasizing that betrayal, while grave and sinful, carries a different legal penalty.
Ethical Dimensions
Ethically, khīyānah is considered a major sin in Islam. It encapsulates dishonesty and moral corruption, both of which are viewed severely because they undermine the communal harmony and the principle of “Amanah” (trust) that is vital in personal and social interactions in Islam.
Takeaways and Conclusion
- Understanding Khīyānah: It is crucial to discern khīyānah from other forms of criminal actions like theft, particularly in its legal treatment and societal ramifications.
- Ethical Misconduct: As an ethical misdeed, khīyānah is severely censured, underlying the importance Islam places on maintaining trust and integrity in societal dealings.
Suggested Books for Further Study
- “The Hidāyah: A Commentary on Islamic Legal Traditions” by Charles Hamilton (Translator) - A comprehensive look at classical Hanafi jurisprudence that includes discussions on legal punishments and ethical considerations.
- “Ethics of Islam” by Sa’id Al-Qahtani - This book delves into the broader ethical guidelines in Islam, including trust and its breaches.
- “Trust in God: The God-Centric Ethics of al-Ghazali” by David Burrell and Nazih Daher - Examines trust (amanah) and betrayals (khīyānah) through the lens of classical Islamic ethics.
In conclusion, khīyānah (خيانة), or breach of trust, holds a significant place in Islamic legal and ethical discourse, distinct from theft but equally critical regarding the moral soundness and social cohesion of the Muslim community.
