Yūnus (Jonah) in Islam
Etymology
- Arabic: Yūnus (يونس)
- Turkish: Yunus
The name “Yūnus” in Arabic and “Yunus” in Turkish refers to the prophet Jonah, who is also mentioned in the Christian Bible and the Jewish Tanakh. The story of Yūnus holds a significant place in Islamic theology and is recounted in multiple Surahs within the Qur’an. Known particularly as “He of the Fish” (سَٰحِبُ ٱلْحُوت) and “Ẕū n-Nūn” (ذُو ٱلنُّون), Yūnus is revered for his trials, repentance, and ultimate redemption.
Qur’anic References
Sūrah 37:139-148 (As-Saffat)
- Yūnus is mentioned among the apostles (mursalīn).
- Describes how he fled to a laden ship, was swallowed by a fish, and later cast onto a bare shore, where a gourd-plant grew over him.
- Narrates his mission to a large group of people who believed and were consequently spared punishment.
Sūrah 68:48-50 (Al-Qalam)
- Advises patience, referencing Yūnus who was in distress inside the fish.
- Had God’s favor not reached him, he would have been cast forth in shame, but he was chosen and made just.
Sūrah 10:98 (Yunus)
- Emphasizes faith and repentance, highlighting the people of Yūnus who were spared upon their belief.
- Sign a larger narrative about God’s mercy and the power of faith.
Sūrah 6:86 (Al-An’am)
- Includes Yūnus among other guided prophets like Ishmael, Elisha, and Lot.
Sūrah 21:87 (Al-Anbya)
- Describes Yūnus’s departure in anger, his plea in the fish’s belly, and his rescue by God, signifying forgiveness and faithfulness.
Cultural and Theological Commentary
Al-Jalālayn and Al-Baydawi
Scholars like al-Jalālayn and al-Baydawi provide extended commentary on Yūnus, elaborating on his initial rejection by his people, their subsequent repentance, and God’s mercy. They also mention traditional beliefs about the fish that swallowed Yūnus and the plant that provided him shelter, varying between a fig or banana plant.
Suggested Books for Further Study
- “The Qur’an: Translation and Commentary” by Abdullah Yusuf Ali.
- “Tafsir al-Jalalayn,” a renowned exegesis by Jalal ad-Din al-Mahalli and Jalal ad-Din as-Suyuti.
- “Stories of the Prophets” by Ibn Kathir.
Takeaways
- Yūnus’s story is a powerful narrative of repentance, divine mercy, and the significance of faith.
- Represents themes of patience, humility, and the transformative power of sincere repentance.
- His narrative encourages believers to maintain steadfast faith in God’s wisdom and mercy, even during trying times.
Conclusion
Yūnus (Jonah) is an essential figure in Islamic teachings, embodying important theological lessons. His experiences and ultimate redemption underscore the themes of divine mercy, the power of faith, and the importance of repentance. The Qur’anic recounting of his story, along with classical commentaries, provide deep insights into his life and its religious significance.
Explore more about Yūnus through recommended readings and delve into the rich tapestry of his story within the Islamic tradition.
