Job (Aiyūb) - A Prophet of Patience in Islam
Etymology and Translations
- Arabic: أيوب (Aiyūb)
- Turkish: Eyyub
The name “Aiyūb” in Arabic corresponds to “Job” in English. The term originates from the Hebrew name אִיּוֹב (Iyyov). This significant figure is revered in Islamic tradition, similarly as in Christian and Jewish beliefs.
Qur’anic References
1. Surah Al-Anbiya (21:83-84)
<p>“And remember Job: when he cried to his Lord, ‘Truly evil hath touched me: but Thou art the most merciful of those who show mercy.’ So we heard him, and lightened the burden of his woe; and we gave him back his family, and as many more with them,—a mercy from us, and a memorial for those who serve us.”</p>
2. Surah Sad (38:40-44)
<p>“And remember our servant Job when he cried to his Lord, ‘Verily, Satan hath laid on me disease and pain.’ ‘Stamp,’ said we, ‘with thy foot. This is to wash with; cool, and to drink.’ And we gave him back his family, and as many more with them in our mercy; and for a monition to men of judgment. And we said, ‘Take in thine hand a rod, and strike with it, nor break thine oath.’ Verily, we found him patient! How excellent a servant, one who turned to us, was he!”</p>
Islamic Traditions and Commentaries
Islamic scholars such as al-Jalālān and al-Baiẓāwī have elaborated on the story of Prophet Aiyūb, inspired by extensive traditions:
- Lineage: Job was believed to be a descendant of Esau.
- Trials: He underwent immense trials, including losing his wealth and family, and then suffering from a debilitating disease.
- Support: His unwavering patience was supported by his devoted wife, who is variably named Raḥmeh or Makhir.
- Satan’s Temptation: Satan attempted to lead his wife astray by promising the restoration of their former prosperity if she worshipped him.
- Rejuvenation: After his trials, not only was his health restored, but his wealth multiplied, and his wife rejuvenated and bore more children.
Insights from Islamic Literature
Commentator Mr. Sale conveys that Job’s trials lasted differently according to various traditions—spanning from seven years to eighteen years. The enduring faith and the eventual divine relief granted to Job emphasize themes of patience, humility, and trust in Allah.
Suggestions for Further Study
- Book: “Stories of the Prophets” by Ibn Kathir
- Book: “Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources” by Martin Lings
- Book: “The Qur’an: An Encyclopedia” by Professor Oliver Leaman
- Academic Paper: “The Patience of Prophet Ayyub (Job): An Islamic Perspective” by Asma Afsaruddin
Key Takeaways
- Job (Aiyūb) is commemorated in Islam for his exemplary patience and unwavering faith during extreme trials.
- The Qur’anic narrative of Job reinforces themes of resilience, divine mercy, and the eventual triumph of faith over despair.
- Islamic traditions further embellish the story, adding layers of cultural and religious dimensions.
Conclusion
The story of Prophet Job (Aiyūb) remains a timeless exemplar in Islamic tradition, illustrating the virtues of patience and unwavering devotion to Allah. The narrative, as presented in the Qur’an and elaborated through Islamic traditions, resonates deeply among Muslims, offering moral and spiritual insights that transcend generations.
