Jamiatul Ulama-i Pakistan
Jamiatul Ulama-i Pakistan (جماعة علماء باكستان - Jamāʿat al-ʿUlamāʾ fī Pakistān) is an Islamic political party in Pakistan, commonly referred to as JUP. Established in Karachi in 1948, the JUP adheres to the Barelwi school of Islamic thought, which originated to counter the influence of the Deobandi movement. The party promotes a version of Islam that emphasizes populist and devotional practices.
Etymology and Translations
- Arabic: جماعة علماء باكستان
- Turkish: Pakistan Âlimler Cemiyeti
Historical Background
JUP was founded soon after the partition of British India and the creation of Pakistan. The Barelwi movement, which the JUP represents, is known for its strict adherence to Sufi traditions and its opposition to the more reformist Deobandi movement. The party emerged in a context where various Islamic movements were vying for influence in the newly formed nation.
Organizational Structure
The JUP has undergone significant internal conflict, leading to several schisms within the party. These splits largely revolve around leadership contestations and ideological differences. The two main factions are currently headed by:
- Shah Ahmad Noorani: An influential Islamic scholar and politician whose faction maintains significant influence.
- Abdussahar Niazi: Leader of the other main faction, reflecting the ongoing divisions within the party.
Political Influence
The JUP has historically been one of the influential Islamic parties in Pakistan. Though it has lost considerable support since the mid-1980s, its presence is still felt, particularly in certain regions and within the educational institutions affiliated with the Barelwi movement.
Student Wing
The party’s student wing enjoys a substantial following within Barelwi madrasas (Islamic schools). This wing plays a critical role in the ideological propagation and recruitment for the party, strengthening the JUP’s grassroots connections.
Books for Further Studies
- “Politics of Modern Islam: The thought of Shah Ahmad Noorani” by Khurshid Ahmad Khan
- “Islamic political movements in Pakistan” by Veena Kukreja
- “Islam in South Asia: A Short History” by Jamal Malik
Takeaways
- Formation: JUP was established in Karachi, 1948.
- Affiliation: Associated with the Barelwi school of thought.
- Leadership: Has experienced significant factionalism, currently led by Shah Ahmad Noorani and Abdussahar Niazi.
- Impact: Though diminished since 1986, retains influence particularly in educational institutions affiliated with Barelwi madrasas.
Conclusion
Jamiatul Ulama-i Pakistan serves as a significant case study in understanding the interplay of religious ideologies, politics, and cultural practices in Pakistan. Despite its divisions, it remains a notable voice in Pakistan’s Islamic political sphere.
