Jabbār (جبار)
Definition and Significance
Jabbār (جبار) is one of the ninety-nine names or attributes of God in Islam, known as Asma-ul-Husna (أسماء الله الحسنى). It is often translated as “The Omnipotent”, “The Compeller”, or “The Absolute Sovereign”. The term signifies the divine power and absolute authority of God over all creation. It indicates God’s ability to enforce His will without opposition and to mend and restore.
Etymology
- Arabic: جبار (Jabbār)
- Turkish: Cebbâr
The Arabic root j-b-r (ج-ب-ر) conveys meanings related to strength, force, and compulsion. This root is also used in everyday Arabic to imply fixing or mending, showcasing how God’s authority not only compels but also restores order and justice.
References in the Qur’an
Al-Jabbār is explicitly mentioned in the Qur’an in Surah Al-Hashr (Chapter 59, Verse 23):
<p>“He is Allah, other than whom there is no deity, the Sovereign, the Pure, the Perfection, the Bestower of Faith, the Overseer, the Exalted in Might, the Compeller, the Superior. Exalted is Allah above whatever they associate with Him.” (Qur’an 59:23)</p>
Theological Importance
In Islamic theology, recognizing Al-Jabbār emphasizes the belief in Allah’s ultimate control over the universe and human affairs. It serves as a reminder of God’s supreme power, capable of compelling and restoring, thus nurturing a sense of humility and submission in believers.
Cultural and Spiritual Practices
Reflecting on Al-Jabbār during daily prayers can inspire Muslims to understand and accept divine wisdom and capability in life’s complexities. It also encourages seeking divine help in overcoming challenges and anxieties.
Suggested Books for Further Studies
- “Al-Maqsad al-Asna ḥ F Sharḥ Asma Allah al-Ḥusna” by Imam Ghazali
- “The Ninety-Nine Beautiful Names of God” by Ghazzali and David B. Burrell
- “Allah: The Concept of God in Islam” by Yasin T. Al-Jibouri
Takeaways
- Al-Jabbār signifies God’s absolute power, compulsion, and ability to restore.
- Derived from the Arabic root j-b-r, it underscores strength and mending.
- Mentioned in Surah Al-Hashr (59:23) among other divine attributes.
- Emphasizes theological humility and submission to God’s will.
- Reflecting on this name can enrich one’s spiritual practice and trust in divine wisdom.
Conclusion
Understanding and meditating on the name Jabbār helps Muslims appreciate the vastness and omnipotence of God. It not only enforces the belief in divine control and intervention but also encourages seeking God’s assistance in challenging times. This attribute, like all other names of God, serves as a foundation for deeper spiritual connection and reverence towards Allah.
