Jabarūt (جبروت)
Definition
Jabarūt (جبروت) refers to the domain or realm characterized by immense power and omnipotence. In Islamic mysticism, particularly in Sufism, it represents one of the higher stages of spiritual enlightenment and divine proximity.
Etymology
The term Jabarūt is derived from the Arabic root “j-b-r” (ج ب ر), which conveys meanings associated with strength, compulsion, and omnipotence. The concept is inherently linked to the recognition of God’s supreme power and majesty.
Arabic and Turkish Translations
- Arabic: جبروت (Jabarūt)
- Turkish: Ceberût
Significance in Sufism
Jabarūt is a significant concept in Ṣūfīsm, where it epitomizes a stage or realm wherein the seeker experiences God’s omnipotence unfettered by the constraints of human limitations. This divine encounter grants the Ṣūfī practitioner a profound understanding of the nature of ultimate power and authority.
In Ṣūfī doctrine, the journey toward God involves traversing various spiritual realms or stages, each of which brings the seeker closer to a true understanding and union with the Divine. Jabarūt is one of these mystical stages and is often associated with immense transformative power and spiritual insight.
Related Concepts
- Malakūt (ملکوت): The realm of dominion or authority, often regarded as the world of angels and spirits.
- Lāhūt (لاهوت): The divine realm, representing the utmost proximity to God’s essence.
- Nāsūt (ناسوت): The mundane, human realm.
References in Islamic Texts
While the Qur’an and Hadith do not explicitly mention the term Jabarūt, the concept is deeply embedded in the esoteric exegeses and writings of Sufi scholars. Influential figures such as Ibn Arabi and Al-Ghazali have elaborated on these mystical realms in their works.
Further Reading
To delve deeper into the concept of Jabarūt and its significance in Ṣūfīsm, consider the following scholarly works:
- “The Sufi Path of Knowledge” by William C. Chittick – This book explores the teachings of Ibn Arabi, one of Sufism’s greatest mystics, and his concepts of divine realms.
- “The Niche of Lights” by Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali – A treatise that explores various spiritual states and experiences, illuminating the path to divine knowledge.
- “The Mystical Dimensions of Islam” by Annemarie Schimmel – Offers a comprehensive introduction to the spiritual aspects of Islam, including discussions on mystical stages such as Jabarūt.
Key Takeaways
- Jabarūt represents the realm of divine omnipotence and power in Islamic mysticism.
- It is a significant stage in the spiritual journey of a Ṣūfī, marked by profound transformation and insight.
- The term is rooted in the Arabic language, emphasizing God’s supreme power.
Conclusion
Jabarūt is a core concept in Ṣūfīsm, signifying a spiritual realm marked by omnipotence. Understanding Jabarūt provides a deeper insight into the spiritual journey and ultimate goals of a Ṣūfī practitioner, highlighting the transformative experiences that bring one closer to divine truth.
This entry provides a structured and comprehensive look at the term “Jabarūt,” suitable for inclusion in a reference work on Islam.
