Jabīl (جبيل): The Angel of the Mountains
Introduction
Jabīl (جبيل) is a notable but lesser-known figure within Islamic theology, particularly in Shīʿah Islam. Referred to as the Angel of the Mountains, this celestial being holds unique significance in various Islamic texts, serving as an example of the depth and diversity in angelology within the faith.
Etymology and Linguistic Roots
The name Jabīl (جبيل) originates from Arabic. It directly translates to “the mountain,” symbolizing its governance over these geographical features. The root word “جبل” (jabal), means “mountain” in Arabic, which aptly describes its celestial duty.
Role and Significance
In the Shīʿah text Ḥayātu ʾl-Qulūb compiled by the celebrated scholar Allāmah Majlisī, Jabīl finds mention as a significant divine being. This text, known for elucidating the lives of Prophets and notable religious visions, includes Jabīl among its discussions (Merrick’s ed., p. 128).
Representation
Jabīl is characterized as an angel entrusted with the task of overseeing mountains, signifying the divine orchestration of not just human affairs but also natural phenomena. It reflects the Islamic view that every aspect of creation, animate or inanimate, is under the supervision of the divine angelic host.
Significance in Shīʿah Tradition
Shīʿah Islam places distinct emphasis on certain texts and theological writings that are less prominent in Sunni traditions. Ḥayātu ʾl-Qulūb is one such text that offers insight into numerous theological principals including the roles of angels like Jabīl. These narratives serve to illustrate the breadth of divine intervention and vigilance according to Shīʿah belief.
Further Readings
For those interested in further scholarly exploration and contextual understanding, the following books and articles are recommended:
- Ḥayātu ʾl-Qulūb by Allāmah Majlisī (Translated by James Merrick)
- An Introduction to Shīʿī Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shīʿism by Moojan Momen
- Islam: Faith and History by Mahmoud M. Ayoub
- The Cambridge History of Islam by P.M. Holt, Ann K.S. Lambton, and Bernard Lewis
Takeaways
- Jabīl is recognized as an angel in Islamic tradition, specifically referred to as the Angel of the Mountains.
- Primarily noted in the Shīʿah text Ḥayātu ʾl-Qulūb, Jabīl’s naming signifies its divine jurisdiction over mountainous terrains.
- Understanding Jabīl within Islamic angelology underscores the rich tapestry of celestial beings and their varied responsibilities in Islamic belief systems.
Conclusion
Jabīl (جبيل), though not as widely known as other angels like Jibrāʾīl (Gabriel), offers a unique glimpse into the comprehensive nature of Islamic theology. Its mention specifically within the Shīʿah tradition highlights the textured differences and rich narrative diversity that Islam encompasses. Through the study of such figures, one can appreciate the depth of divine orchestration as seen through an Islamic theological lens.
