Iradah
Desire in Sufism; refers to the soul's journey towards God and the discipline within a Sufi order.
Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988)
A major conflict between Iran and Iraq that arose shortly after Iran's Islamic Revolution, resulting in immense casualties and economic damage.
Iranian Revolution of 1979
A geopolitical upheaval in Iran where Shii Muslim clerics and coalition forces overthrew the Pahlavi regime, leading to the establishment of an Islamic Republic.
Irving, T.B.
Prominent Islamic scholar, Quranic translator, and expert on Islamic Spain.
Isaac (Ishaq)
Isaac, known as Ishaq in the Quran, is a significant figure in Islamic tradition, recognized as the son of Abraham and Sarah, a righteous man, servant of God, prophet, and father of the Jewish people.
Isfahan
A prominent province and its capital city in Iran, rich in historical and cultural significance.
Ishmael
Ishmael (Ismail) is a significant figure in Islam, recognized as a son of Abraham and Hagar and an important prophet in Islamic tradition.
Ishmael: Eldest Son of Abraham in Islamic and Judeo-Christian Traditions
Explore the significance of Ishmael (Arabic: Ismāʿīl) in Islamic and Judeo-Christian traditions, his role as the progenitor of the Arabian race, and his contribution to the construction of the Ka'bah.
Ishq
Intense passion or love, notably in Sufi thought, regarded as a crucial stage in the journey towards union with God or the Prophet Muhammad.
Islah
A comprehensive term relating to reform, particularly within Islamic contexts, stressing the return to Islam’s original message while adapting to contemporary circumstances.
Islahi, Amin Ahsan
A Pakistani Quran exegete known for his unique commentary that presents the Quran as a coherent and systematic book.
Islām (إسلام)
Explore the term 'Islām,' its deep meaning, etymology, and significance within the Islamic faith. Understand the core duties, beliefs, and the distinctions between related terms like Dīn, Millah, and Maẕhab.
Islam in India
An overview of the presence and influence of Islam in India, including demographics, traditions, and political activities.
Islam in Iraq
Overview of the state and influence of Islam in Iraq, including historical, demographic, and religious details
Islami Jamiat Tulaba
The official student wing of the Pakistani Jamaat-i Islami, striving to spread teachings of revivalist ideologues on campuses and enforce a strict code of ethics among students.
Islamic Calendar
The Islamic Calendar, also known as the Hijrah calendar, is a lunar calendar with twelve months, totaling approximately 354 days in a year. It began with the Emigration (Hijrah) from Mecca to Medina in 622 C.E.
Islamic Call Society
A Libyan governmental missionary organization focused on international proselytization and Islamic education, founded in 1972.
Islamic Charter Front
A Sudanese organization founded by the Muslim Brotherhood in 1964, aiming to implement an Islamic constitution.
Islamic Democratic Alliance
A coalition of Islamic and right-of-center parties in Pakistan that emerged after General Zia-ul-Haq's death.
Islamic Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (ISESCO)
Institution within the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) dedicated to strengthening cooperation among member states in educational, scientific, and cultural research.
Islamic Foundation
An educational institution established in 1973 dedicated to research, education, and the promotion of Islam in the modern world with a particular focus on Muslim communities in Britain and Europe.
Islamic Jihad
Islamic Jihad (Jihad al-Islami): A Lebanese organization founded primarily by Hizb Allah members in 1982 for covert operations, aiming to establish an Islamic state in Lebanon.
Islamic Jurisprudence on Evidence with Respect to Wills
An examination of the Islamic legal guidelines concerning the validity of evidence provided by executors and other parties in matters related to wills.
Islamic Medical Association
The Islamic Medical Association (IMA) was formed in 1967 by the Muslim Student Association to provide a platform for Muslim health professionals to meet, exchange information, and render services to their community.
Islamic Party (South Africa)
A South African political party established by Muslims, seeking to develop a Muslim South African political identity.
Islamic Renaissance Party
An Islamic revivalist party founded in the former Soviet Union in 1990, aimed at promoting the spiritual revival, economic freedom, and political and legal awakening of Muslims.
Islamic Republican Party
An Iranian political party established in 1979 to mobilize traditional and reactionary forces of Iranian society.
Islamic State
Modern ideological position associated with political Islam, rooted in classical Islamic principles of governance and justice.
Is̤m (اثم‎)
Explore the term 'Is̤m (اثم‎),' its meaning, implications in Shariah, and its impact on a Muslim's ethical and moral conduct. Understand what actions and behaviors are considered 'Is̤m' and their consequences according to Islamic teachings.
Ismāʾīl (اسمائيل‎)
Explore the meaning, origins, and importance of Ismāʾīl (اسمائيل‎), an angel in Islamic tradition, his association with Angel Gabriel, and his role in Islamic teachings.
Ismāʿīl (اسماعيل‎)
Explore the significance, etymology, and cultural impact of Ismāʿīl (Ishmael) in Islamic tradition. Learn how Ismāʿīl is portrayed in the Quran and other Islamic texts, and understand his role in Islamic and broader Abrahamic context.
Isnad (Chain of Authority)
A detailed explanation of Isnad, its significance in Islamic theology and hadith studies, and its variations among Islamic sects and mystic traditions.
Isrā' (الإسراء)
Explore the term 'Isrā',' its theological and historical significance in Islam. Learn about the night journey of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم) and its impact on Islamic belief.
Istanbul
Capital of the Ottoman Empire from 1453-1923 and largest city of the Turkish Republic, historically known as Byzantium and Constantinople.
Istibṣār in Shīʿah Islam
Explore the term 'Istibṣār,' its origins, and its importance in Shīʿah Islam. Understand the compilation and role of traditions in shaping Shīʿah thought and practices.
Istighfar
The act of seeking forgiveness from Allah in Islam
Istihsan
Principle of juristic preference in Islamic law, favoring public interest over strict legal reasoning.
Istiqāmah
Explore the concept of 'Istiqāmah,' its meanings in Islamic theology and Sufi mysticism, and how it guides Muslims to lead a life of rectitude and spiritual steadfastness. Delve into its Quranic basis and relevance in contemporary Muslim life.
Istiqbāl
Understand the multifaceted term 'Istiqbāl,' encompassing customs of hospitality, prayer orientations, and the anticipation of future periods in Islamic tradition.
Istiṣḥāb in Islamic Jurisprudence
Explore the concept of Istiṣḥāb, its importance in Islamic legal theory, and its application in deriving legal rulings. Understand its historical roots and practical implications in Islamic jurisprudence.
Istislah
Principle of public interest in Islamic jurisprudence
Ithna Asharis
Exploration of the Twelvers, the largest subdivision within Shia Islam, known for recognizing twelve imams and the necessity of an imam for the establishment of an ideal Muslim community.
Ittihadi Muhammadi Cemiyeti
Political and religious organization founded by Hafiz Dervis Vahdeti in 1909, known for its opposition to the Committee of Union and Progress and the 1909 insurrection in Istanbul.
IʿLĀN (اعلان‎)
Explore the concept of IʿLĀN, its historical and cultural significance in Islam, along with the prophetic traditions endorsing this practice during marriage announcements.
Iʿtikāf (اعتكاف‎)
Explore the significance, origin, and practices associated with Iʿtikāf—a period of spiritual retreat during the last ten days of Ramadan, involving devotion, Qur'anic recitation, and Ẕikr.
Muhammad Ilyas
Islamic scholar, Deobandi alim, and founder of Tablighi Jama'at in India
Idtirar
Idtirar is a term meaning compulsion or coercion by means of physical rather than moral power, often used in Islamic theology to discuss human actions performed under compulsion versus free choice.
Islamic Sacrificial Practices - Eid al-Adha and Aqeeqah
Examine the two major sacrificial practices in Islam: the Eid al-Adha festival and the Aqeeqah ceremony at the birth of a child. Discover their historical, theological, and cultural significance.
Iconography in Islam
The visual symbolism and art forms in Islam, including calligraphy, geometry, and arabesques.
Isrāfīl (اسرافيل‎) - The Archangel in Islamic Eschatology
Discover Isrāfīl (اسرافيل‎), the Archangel responsible for blowing the trumpet on the Day of Resurrection, his significance in Islamic eschatology, and his role in Islamic tradition despite not being mentioned in the Qur'an or Hadith.
Ibn Jamaah, Badr al-Din Abu Abd Allah Muhammad
Key historical Shafi'i jurist of Mamluk Egypt, Chief Justice, and author of significant works in Shafi'i jurisprudence and political theory
Ibn Masʿūd, ʿAbdallāh
Companion of the Prophet Muhammad, prominent transmitter of hadith, and influential interpreter of the Quran.
Slavery in the Qurʾān: Teachings and Interpretations
Explore the Qurʾānic verses associated with slavery, focusing on the regulations, ethical considerations, and the theological implications within Islamic context. Understand how the Qurʾān addresses the subject of slavery and the responsibilities it places on slave owners.
Hadith Classification - An Overview of Tradition Bearers in Islam
Explore the classification of Hadith based on the character of their narrators. Understand the criteria for genuine, mediocre, and weak traditions in Islamic scholarship.
Istinshāq (استنشاق‎) - Definition, Etymology, and Religious Significance in Islam
Explore the concept of Istinshāq, its religious importance, and how it fits into Islamic practices of ablution (waẓū). Learn about its etymology, practice, and significance in daily Muslim rites.
IẔN (اذن‎)
Learn about the term 'IẔN (اذن‎),' its implications, and usage in an Islamic context. Understand the significance of permission and intercession within Islamic theology and daily practices.
IʿTĀQ (اعتاق‎)
Explore the term IʿTĀQ (اعتاق‎), its meaning, etymology, and significance in the Islamic context. Understand the Islamic approach to slavery and the concept of manumission.
ISM-I-JALĀLĪ (اسم جلالى‎)
Explore the concept of ISM-I-JALĀLĪ, its etymology, and its role in Islamic theology. Understand the attributes of God expressing His power and greatness, such as al-Ḥākim (the Judge) and al-Ādil (the Just).
Ibn Ata Allah, Ahmad ibn Muhammad
Third shaykh of the Shadhili Sufi order responsible for systematizing its doctrines and influential in the dissemination of Sufi teachings through his writings
ISTIRJĀʿ
Understand the term 'ISTIRJĀʿ,' its meaning, religious significance, and usage in Islamic practices, particularly during times of affliction and calamity.
Irtidād (ارتداد‎)
Understand the concept of 'Irtidād (ارتداد‎)' or apostasy in Islam. Explore its theological implications, legal rulings, and cultural significance within the Muslim community.
Islamic Divorce Compared with Mosaic Law: A Comprehensive Analysis
Explore the comparative study of divorce laws in Islam and the Mosaic tradition, revealing the differences, interpretations, and consequences as seen in religious texts.
Ismāʿīlīyah
Explore the Ismāʿīlīyah sect, its beliefs surrounding the true Imām, and its unique theological positions. Understand its historical development and significance within Shīʿah Islam.
Inheritance in Islam
Comprehensive understanding of Islamic inheritance laws (mirath) based on the Quran and their interpretation in Sunni and Shia sects.
Iblīs
Understand the character of Iblīs, his origins, role in Islamic theology, and how he is perceived within Islamic thought and culture.
Imamzadah
A shrine-tomb of a male descendant of a Shii imam reverently accorded this title to indicate the love for the household of the Prophet among the Shiis.
Inẓār (انظار‎): Definition, Etymology, and Significance in Islam
Understand the term 'Inẓār,' its application in Islamic legal contexts, and its nuances in financial and social matters within Muslim communities.
Ijaz
Inimitability; something regarded as wondrous or miraculous, particularly with reference to the Qur'an's beauty and coherence, establishing its divine origin.
Isḥāqīyah - A Shīʿah Sect and Its Beliefs
Explore the Isḥāqīyah sect within Shīʿah Islam, its founder, and its unique belief in the Spirit of God within Caliph ʿAlī. Gain insights into its historical and theological significance.
Ismu ʾẔ-Ẕāt (اسم الذات‎)
Explore the term 'Ismu ʾẔ-Ẕāt (اسم الذات‎)', also referred to as the Name of the Divine Essence in Islam, differentiating God's essential name from His attributes. Understand its theological implications and significance in Islamic studies.
Ittiḥad (اتحاد‎)
Explore the concept of 'Ittiḥad' in Sufism, its etymological roots, and its significance in the spiritual practice and belief system of Sufi mystics. Learn how it impacts the understanding of unity and divine presence.
Islamic Chamber of Commerce
A specialized organ of the Organization of the Islamic Conference, established in 1977 to promote trade, industry, and agriculture throughout the Islamic world.
Islamic Teachings on Slavery - Traditions and Practices
Explore the context, customs, and legal norms surrounding the practice of slavery in early Islamic history, as derived from Prophetic traditions. Learn how these practices influenced the treatment and emancipation of slaves.
Istikhārah (استخارة‎)
Learn about Istikhārah, its practice, and significance in Islam. Understand how this prayer for seeking Allah's guidance before important decisions is performed and its contextual background.
Ismailis
A major Shii Muslim community known for their esoteric traditions and significant historical contributions, particularly during the Fatimid period.
I'thar (ايثار)
Discover the term 'I'thar', its meanings, and its profound implications in Islamic teachings and daily practices. Learn how this concept shapes human relationships by prioritizing others' well-being over one's own.
Ibn Saad, Muhammad
A pivotal 9th-century biographer and compiler known for producing early works on the Prophet Muhammad's life and a biographical dictionary.
Idolatry (Shirk)
Explore the concept of idolatry, known as shirk in Islam. Understand its theological implications, scriptural basis, and its evolution within Islamic history.
Images in Islam in Islamic Context
Explore the Islamic rulings and perspectives on images and representations in Muslim households. Understand the significance of prohibitions against images within the Islamic worldview.
Istibrāʾ
Learn about Istibrāʾ, its implications in Islamic law, and its historical context concerning female slaves. Understand the purification waiting period required before a newly purchased female slave is taken to her master's bed.
ISHĀRATU ʾL-MALAK (اشارة الملك‎)
Explore the term 'ISHĀRATU ʾL-MALAK' (اشارة الملك‎), its definitions, origins, and significance in Islamic thought. Understand the concept of divine inspiration by the King in Islamic tradition.
Islamic Salvation Front
The Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) was an Algerian Islamist party founded in 1989, known for opposing democratic structures and aiming for a religious-based governance.
Israel (Isrāʾīl)
Explore the term 'Israel' (Isrāʾīl) in Islamic context, its etymology, and its meaning as the surname of Yaʿqūb (Jacob). Understand its repeated references in the Qur'an and its historical and theological significance.
ISTINJĀʾ (استنجاء‎) - Definition, Etymology, and Ritual Significance in Islam
Explore the concept of ISTINJĀʾ in Islam, detailing its etymology, ritual purification practices, and significance in daily Muslim life. Learn the specific methods prescribed for personal hygiene according to Islamic tradition.
Ibn Hazm, Abu Muhammad Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Said
Andalusian jurist, theologian, philosopher, and pioneer of the Zahiri literalist school who popularized strictly literal interpretation of the Quran and opposed allegorical exegesis
Ihtimām (اهتمام‎)
Explore the term 'Ihtimām,' its implications, and usage in an Islamic context. Understand what 'superintendence' and 'care' mean in relation to land ownership and management.
Infāq (انفاق‎)
Explore the concept of 'Infāq' in Islamic teachings, its occurrence in the Qur'an, and its importance in the practice of charity and expenditure in the way of Allah.
The Inspiration of the Qur'an - Understanding Abū Ḥanīfah's Perspective
Explore the Islamic concept of the inspiration of the Qur'an according to Abū Ḥanīfah, including the agency of revelation, the role of Gabriel, and different modes of inspiration experienced by Prophet Muhammad.
Ibrāhīm (ابراهيم)
Explore the term 'Ibrāhīm' (Abraham) in Islamic context, understand his role as a patriarch, his significance in Islamic theology, and his impact on Islamic rituals and narratives.
ICMI
The Association for Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals established in 1990 during President Suharto’s rule.
Iftar
Explore the concept of 'Iftar,' its etymology, significance in Ramadan, and the traditional practices associated with breaking the fast among Muslims.
Iḥtilām (احتلام‎)
Learn about the term 'Iḥtilām,' its meaning, implications, and required purification rituals in Islamic context. Understand the religious significance and the concept of g͟husl (legal bathing) as it pertains to Iḥtilām.
ILĀH (اله‎)
Understand what 'ILĀH' (اله‎) means in the Islamic context, its etymological origins, and its role in Islamic theology. Explore the relationship between ILĀH and the term 'Allāh,' and grasp the broader implications.
ILĀHĪ (الهى‎) - Definition, Etymology, and Historical Context in Islam
Explore the term 'ILĀHĪ,' its etymology, significance in the Islamic context, and historical usage during the era of Emperor Akbar. Learn about its divine connotations and historical role.
Imran
Imran, father of Moses and Aaron, is a significant figure in Islamic tradition and is believed to be the father of Mary’s mother, Hannah.

Dictionary of Islam

IslamReference.com is your go-to source for understanding Islam, its history, theology, culture, and much more. Our goal is to provide reliable and scholarly resources to students, researchers, educators, and anyone with an interest in Islamic studies.