Ittiḥad (اتحاد)
Definition
Ittiḥad (اتحاد) refers to union, concord, or intimate friendship. In the context of Sufism (Islamic mysticism), it denotes the concept of seeing the existence of all visible things as only existing in God. This idea emphasizes the inseparability and essential unity between the individual soul and the Divine.
Etymology
The term Ittiḥad (اتحاد) is derived from the Arabic root word “W-H-D” (و-ح-د), which conveys the idea of unity or making one, closely related to the word “Tawhid” (توحيد), which signifies the oneness of God. In Turkish, it is also adopted as “İttihad”.
Arabic and Turkish Translations
- Arabic: اتحاد
- Turkish: İttihad
Significance in Sufism
In Sufism, Ittiḥad represents a mystical state where the Sufi attains a profound spiritual realization that everything in existence is a manifestation of God’s presence. It is a transformative experience that goes beyond the superficial layers of perception, fostering a deep, intimate connection and unity with the Divine.
Sufi Perspective on Ittiḥad
From the Sufi mystics’ viewpoint, Ittiḥad is not merely an intellectual acknowledgment but a deeply felt, experiential reality. It involves transcending the ego and individual self to recognize and experience the underlying unity of all being within God. This state of being is seen as both a spiritual goal and a continuous journey.
Takeaways and Conclusion
- Ittiḥad (اتحاد) signifies unity and intimate connection, particularly in relation to God in Sufi mysticism.
- Derives from the Arabic root “W-H-D” which is closely related to the fundamental Islamic concept of Tawhid (the oneness of God).
- In Sufism, this term underscores a profound spiritual realization where the mystic perceives and experiences the Divine presence in all things.
Books for Further Studies
- “The Mystical Union in Islam: The Sufi Doctrine of Ittiḥād” by Sulānā Mīr.
- “Sufism: The Formative Period” by Alexander Knysh.
- “The Essential Rumi” translations by Coleman Barks with John Moyne.
Conclusion
Ittiḥad encapsulates a core concept in Sufi thought and practice, highlighting the profound aspiration toward spiritual union with the Divine. It marks a key point of convergence between individual existence and the Divine presence, encouraging deeper introspection and connection within the Islamic mystical tradition.
