Isaac (Isḥāq) in Islam
Definition and Significance
Isaac, known in Arabic as إسحاق (Isḥāq), is a significant figure in Islam, recognized as the son of Abraham and a prophet blessed by God. Isaac is especially noted for being a “child of promise” and a gift from God to Abraham. His story is mentioned multiple times in the Qur’an, where he is described not only as an inspired prophet but also as a righteous individual.
Etymology and Translations
- Arabic: إسحاق (Isḥāq)
- Turkish: İshak
The name Isaac derives from the Hebrew name Yitzhak, meaning “he will laugh” or “he will rejoice,” reflecting the joy his birth brought to his parents, Abraham and Sarah.
Qur’anic References
Isaac is featured in various verses throughout the Qur’an. Key mentions include:
- Sūrah xxi. 72: “And We [God] gave him [Abraham] Isaac and Jacob as a farther gift; and we made them all righteous.”
- Sūrah xix. 50: “And when he had separated himself from them and that which they worshipped beside God, we bestowed on him Isaac and Jacob; and each of them we made a prophet.”
The birth of Isaac is further described in:
- Sūrah xi. 72-77: Relates the glad tidings brought to Abraham and Sarah regarding Isaac’s birth, despite their old age.
The account of Abraham’s willingness to offer his son as a sacrifice is depicted in:
- Sūrah xxxvii. 97-113: Highlights Abraham’s vision and Isaac’s (or Ishmael, according to some interpretations) acceptance of God’s command.
The Debate: Isaac or Ishmael?
Islamic scholars and theologians have historically debated whether Isaac or Ishmael was the intended son in the story of Abraham’s sacrifice. While some like al-Baiḍāwī support the view that it was Isaac, others like Ismāʿīl al-Buk͟hārī and the majority of traditional authority favor Ishmael. Among both Sunni and Shia communities, the prevailing opinion is that Ishmael was the son meant for the sacrifice.
Commemoration
The ʿĪdu ʾl-Aẓḥā (Feast of Sacrifice), one of the major Islamic holidays, is believed to commemorate this event. This festival is celebrated by Muslims worldwide as an act of obedience and devotion to God, emulating Abraham’s willingness to sacrifice his son.
Recommended Literature for Further Study
- “Islam and the Prophets’ Tradition” by W. Montgomery Watt
- “The Qur’an: An Encyclopaedia” by Oliver Leaman (Ed.)
- “The Story of the Qur’an: Its History and Place in Muslim Life” by Ingrid Mattson
- “Essays on Arabia Before Muhammad” by Syud Ahmad Khan Bahadur
Takeaways and Conclusion
Isaac (Isḥāq) holds a revered place in Islamic tradition as a prophet and a figure of righteousness gifted by God to Abraham. Although debates persist regarding whether Isaac or Ishmael was meant for sacrifice, the legacy of Isaac as a prophet and patriarch remains significant in Islamic narrative and practice.
For further study and deeper understanding, the mentioned literature offers diverse perspectives on the role of Isaac within Islamic tradition.
