Incense (Bak͟hūr) - Definition, Etymology, and Usage in Islam
Etymology
- Arabic: Bak͟hūr (بخور), Lubān (لبان)
- Hebrew: לְבוֹנָה (Levonah) as mentioned in Isaiah xliii. 23
Definition
Incense, known as Bak͟hūr (بخور) in Arabic, and sometimes referred to as Lubān (لبان), is a fragrant substance that releases aromatic smoke when burned. The Hebrew term for incense is לְבוֹנָה (Levonah), which is referenced in the Bible, such as in Isaiah xliii. 23.
Religious Context
In Islamic tradition, the direct religious use of incense does not form a part of the daily or obligatory religious customs. However, the use of incense in certain contexts is allowed and even revered due to its historical and cultural significance:
Permitted Use in Islam
- Perfume for Corpses: According to Islamic Traditions, using incense as a perfume for a corpse is permissible. This practice is often employed to honor the deceased and provide a pleasant aroma during funeral rites.
Cultural and Spiritual Significance
- Offerings at Shrines: Incense is often used as an offering at the shrines of Muslim saints. This practice is an expression of veneration and respect for saints, and it creates a sacred atmosphere for worshippers.
- Science of Daʿwah: Bak͟hūr holds an important place in the so-called science of Daʿwah. It is sometimes utilized in spiritual practices and supplications aimed at seeking divine assistance or blessings.
Suggested Books for Further Studies
- “Islam: Faith and History” by Mahmoud M. Ayoub
- “An Introduction to Islamic Law” by Joseph Schacht
- “The Vision of Islam” by Sachiko Murata and William C. Chittick
- “Islamic Rituals of Death and Burial in Southeast Asia” by Tivona A. Plummer
Takeaways
- Multifaceted Role: While incense is not part of the daily religious customs in Islam, it plays an important role in cultural and spiritual activities.
- Historical and Cultural Relevance: Incense has historical roots and various culturally significant uses, including in funeral rites and at saints’ shrines.
- Daʿwah Practices: The science of Daʿwah sometimes employs the use of incense, highlighting its multifunctional presence in Islamic life.
Conclusion
Incense, or Bak͟hūr, although not a part of mandatory Islamic rituals, holds an esteemed place in various cultural and spiritual practices. It signifies respect, veneration, and the quest for a pleasant atmosphere in both religious and social settings. Understanding its use and significance offers deeper insights into Islamic cultural and spiritual traditions.
