IMSĀK (امساك)
IMSĀK (امساك) - Lit. “Keeping back.” The term IMSĀK derives from the Arabic root م-س-ك which means to withhold or to refrain from giving. It appears in the Qur’an only once, specifically in Sūrah Al-Baqarah (Qur’an 2:228): “Divorce (may happen) twice; then, keep them in reason or let them go in kindness.” The term is significant in Islamic theology, often contrasting with the concept of Infāq, which involves spending in God’s path.
Etymology
- Arabic: إمساك (Imsāk)
- Turkish: İmsak
Usage in the Qur’an
In the Qur’an, IMSĀK is used in the context of divorce (Sūrah Al-Baqarah 2:228), emphasizing the importance of treating spouses with reason and kindness when ending a marriage. This notion extends beyond matrimonial relations, resonating in broader Islamic ethics and jurisprudence.
Theological Implications
In Islamic theology, IMSĀK is often discussed in the context of charity. It denotes a form of miserliness or reluctance to spend wealth in the way of Allah. This is particularly noteworthy because it reflects a broader moral obligation in Islam to eschew stinginess and instead embrace generosity—referred to as Infāq.
- Infāq (إنفاق): The act of spending in the way of Allah. It is emphasized in Islam as a sign of faith and piety.
IMSĀK vs. Infāq
- IMSĀK (امساك): Holding back, reluctance to give.
- Infāq (إنفاق): Generous spending in Allah’s way, covering both obligatory and voluntary charity.
Significance in Islamic Charity
IMSĀK, as reluctance to provide charity, is seen negatively within Islamic ethical teachings. Islam encourages Muslims to give Sadaqah (voluntary charity) and Zakat (obligatory charity) as acts of worship and compassion toward others, thereby aiding in societal welfare and spiritual growth.
Scholarly Works for Further Studies
- “Al-Ghazali on Disciplining the Self and on Breaking the Two Desires” by Abu Hamid al-Ghazali
- “The Book of Assistance” by Imam al-Haddad
- “The Purification of the Soul” by Ahmad Farid
- “In the Absence of the Sacred: The Failure of Technology & the Survival of the Indian Nations” by Jerry Mander (for socio-ethical contrast)
Key Takeaways
- IMSĀK (امساك) means withholding or keeping back, originating from the Arabic root م-س-ك.
- It appears in the Qur’an once, in the context of divorce, highlighting ethical treatment.
- Theologically, it contrasts with Infāq, signifying miserliness in charitable acts.
- Islam stresses the virtue of Infāq—generous giving—as an essential practice of faith.
Conclusion
IMSĀK signifies the broader ethical consideration in Islam regarding actions driven by either withholding or freely giving. By understanding IMSĀK, one delves deeper into the Islamic principles of charity, compassion, and proper conduct in relationships, reflecting a holistic approach to moral and spiritual duties.
