Husayni, Hajj Amin
Introduction
Husayni, Hajj Amin (1897-1974) was a significant figure in the history of Palestinian leadership. He served as the Mufti of Jerusalem and was the president of the Supreme Muslim Council of Palestine. His leadership spanned crucial and tumultuous periods, notably during British rule in Palestine from 1917 to 1948.
Etymology and Translations
Etymology: The name “Husyani” has roots in Arabic, where حسين (Hussain) is a surname that stems from the name of Prophet Muhammad’s grandson, Hussain ibn Ali. “Hajj” denotes the pilgrimage to Mecca, showing that Amin had completed this religious duty. “Amin” (أمين) means “trustworthy” or “faithful” in Arabic.
Arabic Translation: أمين الحسيني Turkish Translation: Amin Hüseyni
Early Life and Career
Born in Jerusalem in 1897, Amin al-Husayni hailed from a prominent Palestinian family. His higher education in Cairo and Islam’s holy cities imbued him with deep religious and political sensibilities. Upon returning to Palestine, Husayni emerged as a central figure in the struggle against British colonial rule and the rising Zionist movement.
Role as Mufti of Jerusalem
In 1921, Husayni was appointed as the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, an influential religious position that further amplified his political voice. As the Mufti, he played an instrumental role in religious and political spheres, strongly opposing the Zionist settlers and their pursuit of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
Arab Nationalism and Palestinian Leadership
Husayni was a fervent Arab nationalist and heavily involved in orchestrating anti-Zionist and anti-British activities. In 1920, he participated in violent protests against Zionist endeavors in Jerusalem, reflecting his dedication to expelling British influence and establishing an Arab majority government in Palestine.
Resistance Against British Rule
Between 1936 and 1939, Husayni’s support was pivotal to the Palestinian revolts against British mandates. This period of rebellion was marked by violent opposition to the British authorities and their proposed partition of Palestine, portraying the intensity of the Arab struggle under Husayni’s leadership.
World War II and Seeking Support
Husayni’s pursuit of political independence led him to seek alliances far and wide. Controversially, during World War II, he attempted to garner support from Nazi Germany, hoping Hitler would assist in achieving Arab independence, demonstrating the lengths he was willing to go for his cause. However, post-war, this collaboration contributed to his prolonged exile.
Books for Further Study
- “The Mufti of Jerusalem: Amin al-Husaini and the Palestinian National Movement” by Philip Mattar
- “A Line in the Sand: Britain, France and the Struggle That Shaped the Middle East” by James Barr
- “Palestine and the Decline of the Ottoman Empire: Modern Ottoman History” by Farid Al-Shoqaysi
Takeaways and Conclusion
Husayni, Hajj Amin stands out as a figure of staunch resistance against both British colonialism and Zionist aspirations. His life’s work underscores the tensions surrounding the creation of the state of Israel and the enduring struggle for Palestinian statehood. Despite his controversial methods and allies, Husayni’s influence on Palestinian nationalism remains profound.
Conclusion
Hajj Amin al-Husayni was a complex and pivotal figure in the history of Palestine. Serving with a potent mix of religious authority and nationalist fervor, he championed the Palestinian cause amidst the swirling tides of political turmoil in the early 20th century. Though his methods and alliances invite scrutiny, his legacy as a relentless advocate for Arab independence and Palestinian self-determination remains significant.
