Hubal (هبل)
Etymology and Translations
- Arabic: هبل (Hubal or Hobal)
- Turkish: Hubal
Hubal is an idol that played a significant role in pre-Islamic Arabian religion, particularly within the sacred precincts of the Kaʿbah in Mecca. The etymology of the name Hubal is unclear, but it was one of the chief deities worshipped by the pagan tribes of Mecca before the advent of Islam.
Historical Background
Hubal was one of the major idols venerated by the pre-Islamic Arab tribes, specifically the Quraysh tribe. According to historical accounts, a significant image of Hubal was erected over a well or hollow cavity within the Kaʿbah. This cavity served as a repository for offerings and treasures dedicated to the idol.
Destruction of Hubal
The idol Hubal met its fate during Prophet Muhammad’s final conquest of Mecca in AH 8 (AD 630). Sir William Muir’s account offers a detailed description of these events:
“Mounted on his camel Al Caswa, Prophet Muhammad proceeded to the Kaʿbah, reverently saluted the sacred Black Stone with his staff and performed the seven circuits of the temple. He subsequently pointed to the numerous idols surrounding the Kaʿbah, including the great image of Hubal, and commanded their destruction. As Hubal fell, Muhammad exclaimed, ‘Truth has come and falsehood has vanished; for falsehood is evanescent,’ quoting Surah 17:81 of the Qur’an.”
Significance in Islamic Context
Hubal’s destruction marks a pivotal moment in Islamic history, symbolizing the eradication of idolatry and the affirmation of tawhid (the oneness of God). Despite its historical significance, the Qur’an does not make any explicit references to Hubal.
Further Reading
For those interested in exploring the broader context and detailed accounts related to Hubal and pre-Islamic idolatry, consider the following books:
- “The Life of Muhammad” by Sir William Muir – This provides a comprehensive historical account of Prophet Muhammad’s life, including the events surrounding the conquest of Mecca.
- “Mecca: From Before Genesis Until Now” by F. E. Peters – This offers a historical overview of Mecca, including its pre-Islamic religious practices.
- “The Religion of the Semites” by W. Robertson Smith – A foundational work on ancient Semitic religions, including idolatry practices.
Key Takeaways
- Hubal was one of the central idols venerating at the Kaʿbah before the rise of Islam.
- Its destruction symbolized the clear message of the rejection of idolatry and the establishment of monotheism.
- Significant historical accounts, including those by Sir William Muir, provide insight into the importance of this event in Islamic history.
Conclusion
Hubal’s role as a tutelary deity in pre-Islamic Mecca and its subsequent destruction underlines the transformative impact of Islam on Arab religious practices. This event exemplifies the shift from polytheism to the rigorous monotheism that defines Islamic faith.
For a deeper understanding, readers are encouraged to explore the recommended books and other scholarly works on Islamic history and theology.
