Hizbul Muslimin
Etymology and Translations
- Etymology: The term “Hizbul Muslimin” translates to “Party of Muslims” in Arabic. The components are derived from “حزب” (ḥizb), meaning “party,” and “المسلمين” (al-muslimīn), meaning “the Muslims.”
- Arabic: حزب المسلمين
- Turkish: Müslüman Partisi
Historical Context
Formation and Objectives
Hizbul Muslimin, also known as Parti Orang Muslimin Malaya, was the first Islamic political party in Malaya. It was founded on March 17, 1948, under the auspices of Majlis Agama Tertinggi Malaya (MATA, the Malayan Supreme Religious Council). The party was aimed at achieving independence from British colonial rule and establishing an Islamic state in Malaya.
Leadership
The first president of Hizbul Muslimin was Ustaz Abu Bakar al-Bakir, a respected religious leader. His leadership was significant in mobilizing support for the party’s cause, which deeply resonated within the Muslim community in Malaya.
Downfall and Legacy
- British Colonial Response: In June 1948, the British colonial authorities declared a national emergency in response to rising political unrest. This measure targeted various nationalist movements, including Hizbul Muslimin.
- Arrests: The emergency led to the arrest of the party’s president, Ustaz Abu Bakar al-Bakir, alongside six other prominent leaders. This action effectively brought an end to the party’s operations.
Takeaways
- Hizbul Muslimin was pioneering in its attempt to blend nationalist aspirations with Islamic principles.
- The party’s abrupt termination highlights the political climate of Malaya during the late 1940s and the struggles nationalist movements faced under colonial rule.
- Despite its brief existence, Hizbul Muslimin set a precedent for future Islamic political movements in the region.
Further Reading
- “The Politics of Islamic Resurgence in Malaysia” by Chandra Muzaffar: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the political landscape in Malaysia influenced by Islamic movements.
- “Malay Nationalism before UMNO: The Memoirs of Mustapha Hussain” by Mustapha Hussain: Offers insights into the nationalist movements in Malaya, including the role of Hizbul Muslimin.
- “Islam and Politics in Southeast Asia” edited by Johan Saravanamuttu: An anthology that covers the interactions between Islam and politics in the region, including a historical perspective on Malaysia.
Conclusion
While Hizbul Muslimin had a brief existence, its formation marked an important moment in Malayan history. It represented a concerted effort to embody Islamic principles within the political struggle for national independence. The impact of such efforts paved the way for subsequent Islamic political entities in Malaysia and remains a significant chapter in the study of political Islam in Southeast Asia.
