Hizb
Etymology and Translations
- Arabic: حِزْب (Ḥizb)
- Turkish: Fiil
Definition and Usage
Hizb is a term originating from the Arabic root ح ز ب (ḥ-z-b), meaning “faction” or “group.” The word appears in the Qur’an with both positive and negative connotations – depending on the context – and significantly informs the modern political lexicon in many Islamic nations.
Qur’anic Context
In the Qur’an, the term Hizb is mentioned twice with a positive sense:
- Surah Al-Ma’idah (5:56) - “And whoever is an ally of Allah and His Messenger and those who have believed - indeed, the party of Allah - they will be the predominant.”
- Surah Al-Mujadila (58:22) - “You will not find a people who believe in Allah and the Last Day having affection for those who oppose Allah and His Messenger, even if they were their fathers or their sons or their brothers or their kindred. Those - He has decreed within their hearts faith and supported them with spirit from Him. And We will admit them to gardens beneath which rivers flow, wherein they abide eternally. Allah is pleased with them, and they are pleased with Him. They are the party of Allah. Unquestionably, the party of Allah - they are the successful.”
Modern Usage
In contemporary times, Hizb refers to political parties. Over time, the acceptance of political parties (Hitbs) in many Islamic countries has met resistance due to the potential for creating divisiveness and partisanship, perceived as threats to national unity. As a result, many prefer to use the term Jam’iyyah (جَمْعِيَّة or “organization/association”), which aligns more with unity and collaboration.
Related Terms
- Jam’iyyah (جَمْعِيَّة): This term is viewed more favorably within Islamic discourse for representing structured organizations or associations rather than factions.
Suggested Books for Further Studies
- “The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought” edited by Gerhard Bowering - Offers broad perspectives on key terms and figures in Islamic political thought.
- “Qur’anic Governance” by Rebecca Masterton - Provides deeper insight into the political interpretations and implications of Qur’anic verses using contemporary examples.
- “Islam and the Challenge of Democracy” by Khaled Abou El Fadl - Examines the compatibility of Islamic teachings with democratic principles and practice.
Takeaways and Conclusion
Hizb in Islamic terminology carries significant weight and nuance, reflecting factional alignments with both divine and mundane associations. Whether referring to ancient righteous divides or contemporary political entities, understanding Hizb within context paves the way for more nuanced interpretations of Islamic texts and political landscapes.
In conclusion, while the term Hizb holds specific historical and religious meanings, its contemporary resonance within political structures varies widely. Appreciating these differences enriches comprehension across Islamic terminology and global politics.
