His Exaltation in Heaven - Perspectives in Islamic Theology
Etymology and Translations
- Etymology: The term “Exaltation” refers to the elevation in rank, power, or character. In Islamic context, it often denotes spiritual ascent or heavenly glory.
- Arabic Translation: رفعة في السماء
- Turkish Translation: Gökte yüceltilme
Islamic Theology on Jesus’ Ascension
In Islamic belief, Jesus Christ (known as Isa in Arabic) was taken up to heaven without experiencing death, as all Muslim scholars agree that “he saw no corruption.” However, there are varied interpretations regarding the exact heavenly realm in which Jesus currently resides.
Perspectives on Jesus’ Heavenly Abode
Second Heaven
- Muḥammad’s Miʿrāj: According to a tradition narrated by Qatādah in Mishkāt (Book XXIV, Chapter VII), the Prophet Muhammad mentioned seeing Jesus and John (Yahya in Arabic) in the second heaven during his celestial journey known as Miʿrāj. This view is also supported by the exegesis of the Jalālān.
Third Heaven
- Jāmiʿu ʾl-Bayān: In the commentary Jāmiʿu ʾl-Bayān (Vol. I, 656), it is mentioned that Jesus resides in the third region of bliss. This represents another layer of celestial hierarchy in which Jesus is held in high esteem.
Fourth Heaven
- Other Traditions: Some other Islamic scholars argue that Jesus resides in the fourth heaven. Although there is less textual support for this view, it is acknowledged within certain circles of Islamic scholarship.
Rituals and Cultural Practices
In Islamic practice, the beliefs regarding Jesus’ current residence in heaven influence the reverence with which he is held. Muslims recognize him as a prophet and hold doctrinal respect for his spiritual status without equating him to divinity. These beliefs are often reflected in:
- Sermons (Khutbah): Sermons may touch upon the characteristics of prophets, including Jesus, emphasizing his exalted status.
- Lessons and Teachings: Islamic schools and study circles may examine different scholarly opinions about heavenly abodes and their significance.
Books for Further Studies
- “The Mysteries of the Ascension” (Asrar al-Mi’raj) by al-Qushayri
- “The History of al-Tabari, Volume 1: Prophets and Patriarchs” by al-Tabari
- “Jesus in the Qur’an” by Geoffrey Parrinder
- “Islamic Interpretations of Christianity” by Lloyd Ridgeon
Takeaways and Conclusion
The differing opinions on Jesus’ exaltation in heaven reflect the richness of Islamic theological discourse. While consensus exists on his uncorrupted state, the variance in belief regarding his heavenly abode underscores the pluralistic interpretations in Islamic scholarship. This topic not only sheds light on Islamic eschatology but also highlights the respect accorded to prophets within the Muslim faith.
Understanding these perspectives encourages a deeper appreciation of Islamic theology and its interpretative frameworks. For anyone interested in Islamic teachings and interfaith dynamics, exploring the doctrine of Jesus’ exaltation offers valuable insights.
