Hidāyah (هداية)
Definition and Etymology
Hidāyah (هداية) is an Arabic term that translates to “guidance” in English. It is derived from the root word “هدى” (Hudā), representing the act of leading someone to the right path or direction, often used within religious contexts to signify divine or moral guidance.
In Turkish, the word is also translated as “Hidayet” (هدایت), similarly reflecting the idea of spiritual guidance.
Historical and Scholarly Context
The term Hidāyah is not only a general concept in Islam but also the title of a notable legal text in Sunnī law. The most prominent work among those entitled “al-Hidāyah” is Hidāyah fīʾl-furūʿ (هداية في الفرروع), translating to “Guidance in Particular Points.” This significant legal manuscript was authored by the distinguished Islamic scholar Shaik͟h Burhānu ʾd-dīn ʿAlī, born in Marg͟hīnān, Transoxania, around 530 AH (1135 AD) and who passed away in 593 AH.
The Text of Hidāyah
The book “Hidāyah” is a comprehensive compilation of Islamic jurisprudence and is frequently referenced and quoted in subsequent legal works. It covers various facets of Sunnī law, providing detailed guidance on legal and daily practices for Muslims.
Notably, an English translation of the Hidāyah (excluding the chapters on Prayer and Purification) was completed by Charles Hamilton and published in four volumes in London in 1791.
Significance in Islamic Legal Tradition
Hidāyah remains a cornerstone in the study and application of Sunnī Islamic jurisprudence. It offers a structured and thorough exposition of various legalities and serves as a primary reference for students and scholars of Islamic law. Its influence is seen in both historical and contemporary legal debates and decisions within Muslim communities.
Suggested Books for Further Studies
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“The Rise of College in the Islamic World” by George Makdisi
- Explores the historical development of Islamic educational institutions where works like Hidāyah were studied.
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“An Introduction to Islamic Law” by Wael B. Hallaq
- Provides a modern overview of Islamic legal theory and its classical formations, referencing important texts such as Hidāyah.
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“Islamic Law and Society” by Bernard G. Weiss
- Examines the interaction between Islamic legal principles and the societies they serve.
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“The History of Islamic Jurisprudence” by Ahmad Ibn Hanbal
- Details the evolution and foundational texts of Islamic jurisprudence, including Hidāyah.
Takeaways and Conclusion
Hidāyah epitomizes the concept of guidance, both as a central tenet in Islamic spiritual life and as a foundational legal text in Sunnī jurisprudence. Authored by Burhānu ʾd-dīn ʿAlī, this comprehensive work remains instrumental for scholars, providing nuanced insights into Islamic legal practices and daily rituals. Its enduring relevance underscores the richness and depth of Islamic intellectual traditions.
Understanding Hidāyah aids in appreciating the broader spectrum of Islamic law and its application throughout history, illustrating the integral role of guidance in shaping the moral and legal dimensions of Muslim life.
