Hijrah (Hegira)
Definition
Hijrah (Arabic: هجرة, Hijrah; Turkish: Hicret) refers to the migration or journey of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and his followers from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE. This event marks the founding moment of the Muslim community (ummah) and the starting year of the Islamic calendar (AH - Anno Hegirae).
Etymology
The term Hijrah stems from the Arabic root h-j-r (هجر), which conveys the meaning “to leave,” “to forsake,” or “to emigrate.” The Arabic verb hajara (هاجر) means “to depart” or “migrate.” In a broader context, Hijrah signifies a separation from one’s past, leaving behind previous affiliations and moving towards a new life committed to following the path of Islam.
Historical Context
The Hijrah occurred due to the persecution Muslims faced in Mecca. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), having gained little success in converting Meccan polytheists and facing increasing hostility, received an invitation from the people of Yathrib (later renamed Medina). They sought a leader to resolve internal conflicts and agreed to embrace Islam collectively. This migration is a pivotal moment, as it led to the establishment of the first Muslim state in Medina.
Significance
- Foundation of the Islamic Community: The Hijrah represents not just a physical journey but the formation of the first Islamic state and community, where Islamic social and legal norms could be implemented fully.
- Islamic Calendar: The occurrence of the Hijrah marks the start of the Islamic lunar calendar. Years are counted as “AH” (Anno Hegirae, In the Year of the Hijrah).
- Symbol of Sacrifice and Commitment: The Hijrah symbolizes the sacrifices made by Muslims to practice their faith freely and is a standing example of the commitment towards establishing a just and God-conscious society.
Cultural Practices
- Celebration of Hijri New Year: Muslims worldwide observe the Islamic New Year (1st Muharram) with various cultural rituals, reflecting on the significance of the Prophet’s migration.
- Narratives and Sermons: The story of the Hijrah is often recounted in sermons and educational settings, emphasizing its moral and spiritual lessons.
Books for Further Studies
- “In the Footsteps of the Prophet: Lessons from the Life of Muhammad” by Tariq Ramadan
- “Muhammad: Man and Prophet” by Adil Salahi
- “The Hijra: An Analytical Study of the Prophet’s Migration to Madinah” by Muhammad Al-Harbī
- “Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources” by Martin Lings
Takeaways and Conclusion
The Hijrah is a cornerstone event in Islamic history, symbolizing the courage, faith, and unity that form the foundation of the Muslim community. It underscores the importance of perseverance, communal harmony, and the principled stand required to build an ethical society. The legacy of the Hijrah continues to inspire and educate Muslims worldwide.
Through the migration to Medina, the seeds of a fully realized Islamic society were planted, guiding principles that still hold significant sway in contemporary Islamic thought and practice.
