Hamka
Definition
Hamka (d. 1981) - An acronym for Hajji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah. Hamka was a renowned Indonesian religious scholar and the author of over a hundred works spanning various genres, including fiction, politics, history, biography, Islamic doctrine, ethics, mysticism, and tafsir (Qur’anic exegesis). He is celebrated as the preeminent religious scholar in the Malay-speaking world and was a significant figure in the revolutionary struggle for Indonesia’s independence in West Sumatra (1945–49).
Etymology
The name “Hamka” is an acronym derived from Hajji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah. “Hajji” indicates that he had performed the pilgrimage to Mecca, while his full name reflects his Islamic identity.
- Arabic: حاجي عبد الملك كريم أمر الله (hāji ʻAbd al-Malik Karīm Amrullah)
- Indonesian: Hajji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah
Contributions
Literature and Scholarship
Hamka’s literary legacy encompasses more than a hundred works of significant social and religious impact. His writings cover a diverse range of topics including:
- Fiction: His storytelling often embodies moral and ethical lessons drawn from Islamic principles.
- Politics and History: He contextualized Islamic values within the framework of Indonesia’s turbulent sociopolitical landscape.
- Biography: His biographical works often emphasize moral excellence and spiritual development.
- Islamic Doctrine and Tafsir: Hamka’s tafsir, Tafsir Al-Azhar, is among the most respected in the Malay world for its comprehensive approach to Qur’anic exegesis.
Role in Indonesian Independence
Hamka was actively involved in West Sumatra’s struggle for national independence from 1945 to 1949. His oratory and writings inspired many to contribute to the cause of independence, reflecting his belief in the necessity of aligning political struggle with ethical and faith-based principles.
Interpretation of Pancasila
Hamka played a pivotal role in interpreting Pancasila, the philosophical foundation of the Indonesian state. He reinforced that the first principle—belief in the one and only God (Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa)—should align with the Islamic concept of tawhid (the oneness of God).
Takeaways
- Contributions to Islamic Scholarship: Hamka is a pillar of Islamic scholarship, particularly within the Malay-speaking world.
- Translational Societies: His work is highly pertinent to understanding the role of religion in transitional and post-colonial societies.
- Moral and Ethical Insights: Hamka’s legacy continues to offer valuable perspectives on the application of Islamic values in contemporary society.
Suggested Books for Further Studies
- “Tafsir Al-Azhar” by Hamka: An influential exegesis on the Qur’an.
- “Memoirs of H.A.M.K.A.” edited by Hamka’s family: Delve into the detailed biography and memoirs of Hamka.
- “Islamic Thought in Southeast Asia: New Interpretations and Provocations” edited by K.S. Nathan and Mohammad Hashim Kamali: Examines Hamka’s theological and philosophical contributions within the context of Southeast Asia.
Conclusion
Hamka remains a towering figure in Indonesian Islamic thought, remembered for his scholarly contributions and his sacrifices in the pursuit of his nation’s independence. His dedication to looking for moral messages in history and applying them to contemporary issues underscores the timeless relevance of his work. Hamka’s interpretations and extensive writings continue to inspire and educate scholars and the general public on the interplay between faith, ethics, and sociopolitical life.
