Habīb an-Najjār (حبيب النجار)
Overview
Habīb an-Najjār (Arabic: حبيب النجار) is a significant figure in Islamic tradition known for his role in the narrative presented in the Qur’an, specifically in Surah Ya-Sin (36:12-30). His tale is intertwined with themes of faith, prophets, and martyrdom, making him an exemplar of piety and steadfast belief in Islam.
Etymology and Translation
- Etymology: The name “Habīb an-Najjār” translates to “Habīb the Carpenter.” The term “Habīb” means “beloved” in Arabic, and “Najjār” means “carpenter.”
- Arabic Translation: حبيب النجار
- Turkish Translation: Habib el-Naccar
Qur’anic Story
Core Narrative
The Qur’an (Surah Ya-Sin, verses 12-30) describes the story of Habīb an-Najjār as follows:
- Arrival of the Messengers: In Antioch (referred to as the “city” in the narrative), two messengers are sent by God. These are identified as John and Jude in historical exegesis. When the people reject them, God sends a third messenger, Simon Peter, to support their mission.
- People’s Rejection: The people deny the messengers, accusing them of lying and threating them with violence.
- Habīb’s Intervention: From the farthest part of the city, Habīb (the carpenter) runs to support the messengers. He urges his people to follow the messengers who ask for no recompense and are divinely guided.
- Faith Declaration: Habīb openly declares his belief in God, criticizing the false gods worshipped by his people and emphasizing God’s mercy and creation.
- Martyrdom: Due to his outspoken support, Habīb is stoned to death. Upon his death, he is welcomed into Paradise. Habīb wishes his people knew how gracious God had been to him.
- Divine Retribution: Following Habīb’s martyrdom, a single shout from Gabriel results in the destruction of the disbelieving community.
Exegesis in Islamic Tradition
Islamic scholars like Al-Bayḍāwī provide further context and elaboration on the narrative:
- Mission of the Disciples: Jesus sends disciples John and Jude to preach to the idolaters of Antioch.
- Miracles: The disciples perform miracles like healing the sick and curing the blind, proving their divine mission.
- Habīb’s Faith: Habīb converts upon witnessing these miracles and helps spread the message.
- Imprisonment and Rescue: The governor imprisons the disciples. Jesus sends Simon Peter, who gains the governor’s trust and performs a resurrection miracle.
- Conversion of the Governor: The governor and many others convert to the new faith, but dissenters cause unrest leading to Habīb’s martyrdom.
Pilgrimage Site
Habīb’s tomb in Antioch remains a site of veneration for Muslims, symbolizing his lasting impact and the reverence for martyrs in Islam.
Suggested Readings
- “Tafsir al-Bayḍāwī” by Al-Bayḍāwī
- “The Stories of the Qur’an” by Ibn Kathir
- “Quran and Its Interpreters” by Mahmoud Ayoub
- “The Qur’an: A New Translation” by M.A.S. Abdel Haleem
Takeaways
- Faith and Martyrdom: Habīb an-Najjār’s story emphasizes unwavering faith and the spiritual rewards of martyrdom.
- Divine Support: God’s sending of additional messengers highlights divine support and encouragement in the face of opposition.
- Miracles and Conversion: The ability of messengers to perform miracles serves as a tangible manifestation of their divine mission.
Conclusion
Habīb an-Najjār’s story is a powerful reminder of the virtues of piety, steadfast belief, and the ultimate reward for those who defend their faith. His narrative is a source of inspiration and reflection for Muslims around the world.
The story of Habīb an-Najjār enriches the tapestry of Islamic history, offering lessons on courage, faith, and divine justice that remain relevant to this day.
