Guidelines for Conversation in Islam
The art of conversation in Islam is meticulously guided by principles derived from the Qur’an, the teachings of Prophet Muhammad (Hadith), and classical Islamic ethical literature. These guidelines emphasize moderation, politeness, and the avoidance of superfluous or harmful speech.
Qur’anic Instructions
Moderation and Voice Control
Sūrah Luqman (31:19):
<p>“Be moderate in thy walk, and lower thy voice; verily the most disagreeable of voices is the voice of asses.”</p>
In this verse, the Qur’an advises Muslims to be balanced in their manners and to speak in a gentle tone. The comparison to the unpleasant sound of an ass highlights the value of refined speech.
Kindness in Speech
Sūrah Al-Baqarah (2:83):
<p>“Speak to men kindly.”</p>
This directive promotes the practice of gentleness and consideration in all communications, reflecting a fundamental Islamic value of compassion.
Prophetic Traditions
Caution Against Excessive Talking
Hadith narrated by Ibn Mas’ud:
<p>“May those people go to the fire of hell who speak much.”</p>
The prophetic saying warns against needless verbosity, associating it with potential moral and spiritual peril.
Ethical Writings
Insights from Akhlaq-i-Jalali
Faqir Jani Muhammad As’ad, in his work “Akhlaq-i-Jalali,” provides profound advice on conversation:
- Moderation in Speech: Speaking less is considered a sign of wisdom and thoughtfulness.
- Respect for Others: Do not interrupt others, even if you know what they will say.
- Appropriateness: Tailor your speech to the audience’s understanding.
- Discretion: Avoid engaging in conversations that do not concern you.
- Politeness to Elders: Speak respectfully and with consideration.
- Clarity and Brevity: Avoid verbosity; aim for clear and concise communication.
- Avoidance of Obscenity: Use decorous and metaphorical language when necessary.
- Listening Over Speaking: Listen more than you speak, adhering to the wisdom that God has given humans two ears and one tongue.
Etymology and Translations
- Arabic:
- Conversation (محادثة / muḥādathah)
- Speech (حديث / ḥadīth)
- Kindness (لطف / luṭf)
- Turkish:
- Conversation (konuşma)
- Speech (konuşma)
- Kindness (nazik)
Books for Further Study
- “Ethics of Islam” by Imam Ghazali
- “The Prophetic Tradition: The Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad” by Alfred Guillaume
- “Islamic Manners” by Shaykh Abdul Fattah Abu Ghuddah
- “Purification of the Heart” by Hamza Yusuf
Key Takeaways
- Embrace moderation, gentleness, and purpose in conversation.
- Refrain from excessive talking, as it may lead to moral pitfalls.
- Respect and listen to others, prioritizing their understanding and feelings.
- Maintain decorum and propriety in both language and behavior.
Conclusion
Islam provides detailed guidance on conversation, underscoring the importance of moderation, respect, and clarity in speech. These principles form the cornerstone of ethical communication in Islam, promoting both individual piety and harmonious social interactions.
