Gold in Islam: Definition, Etymology, and Significance
Etymology
Gold in Arabic is translated as ẕahab (ذهب). The term also has its counterpart in Hebrew, זהב (zahav). The significance of gold extends beyond its physical value to encompass spiritual and legal dimensions within Islam.
Religious and Economic Importance
Gold holds a profound position within Islamic economic and religious frameworks. Its pivotal role is highlighted through the concept of zakāt (الزكاة), a form of alms-giving and one of the Five Pillars of Islam.
Zakat on Gold
In Islamic law, the zakat imposed upon gold is carefully structured. According to Ḥanafī jurists, upon twenty miṡqāls (a traditional weight unit), one half miṡqāl (mis̤qāl) is due. Additionally, for every four miṡqāls in excess, one qīrāt is owed. This is because the alms on gold is essentially one-fortieth of the whole weight.
Note: A miṡqāl approximately equals 4.25 grams and one qīrāt is 0.2 grams.
- Source: Hidāyah, vol. i. p. 27
Exceptions and Scholarly Opinions
The prominent Islamic scholar, ash-Shāfiʿī, differs in his opinion. He posits that zakat is not due on the ornaments of women or the rings of men.
Lawful Trade Practices
Islamic jurisprudence outlines strict rules governing the trade of gold to prevent usurious practices, known as ribā (ربا).
- Gold must be exchanged equally by weight.
- The trade must occur hand-to-hand, without delay.
Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, “Sell gold for gold, from hand to hand, at an equal rate according to weight, for any inequality in point of weight is usury.”
- Source: Hidāyah, vol. ii. p. 552
Usage Restrictions
Islam also stipulates guidelines on the usage of gold, emphasizing simplicity and humility. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) forbade the use of gold and silver for eating and drinking purposes:
“It is not lawful for a man or woman to eat or drink out of gold or silver vessels.”
- Source: Hidāyah, vol. vi. p. 86
Further Studies
For comprehensive insights into the rules and regulations related to gold in Islam, consider the following books:
- “Hidāyah” by ʿAli ibn Abi Bakr al-Marghinānī: This classical Islamic legal text delves into various facets of Islamic jurisprudence, including the trade and almsgiving of gold.
- “Fiqh al-Zakat” by Yusuf al-Qaradawi: A modern text that explores the breadth and application of zakat in contemporary times.
Takeaways
- Gold’s Value: Beyond its physical appeal, gold is imbued with significant religious and economic implications in Islam.
- Zakat on Gold: Calculated meticulously to ensure equitable distribution of wealth.
- Trade Regulations: Designed to prevent exploitation and uphold justice.
- Usage Rules: Encourage moderation and humility.
Conclusion
In Islam, gold’s importance transcends its material value through intricate rules of zakat, trade, and usage. Understanding these guidelines offers a deeper appreciation of how faith integrates with everyday life, ensuring justice, equity, and spiritual growth.
For those seeking to delve deeper into the subject, classic Islamic legal texts and contemporary research provide extensive knowledge on the nuances governing the use and trade of gold in Islam.
