Gabriel (Jibril)
Definition
Gabriel, known as Jibril (جبريل) in Arabic and Cebrail in Turkish, is an archangel in Islam revered for his role in revealing the Quran to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). According to the Quran (2:97–98), Jibril was sent by Allah to deliver divine messages and is also mentioned as the protector of the Prophet Muhammad, notably in Quran 66:4. Hadith literature records instances where Jibril tested the Prophet Muhammad on matters of faith and doctrine.
Etymology
The name Gabriel derives from the Hebrew name גַּבְרִיאֵל (Gavri’el), meaning “God is my strength.” In Arabic, Jibril (جبريل) shares a similar etymological background, emphasizing the archangel’s role as a divine messenger and defender.
Qur’anic References and Roles
- Revealer of the Quran: Gabriel’s primary role in Islam is delivering the Quranic revelation to Prophet Muhammad, which is highlighted in several verses, most notably:
- Quran 2:97–98: These verses emphasize Jibril’s role in conveying Allah’s words and warn against enmity towards him and other angels.
- Protector of the Prophet: In Quran 66:4, Gabriel is mentioned in the context of supporting and protecting Prophet Muhammad against adversarial plots.
- Testing the Prophet: Accounts in Hadith literature describe Gabriel’s interactions with Muhammad, including testing his knowledge and understanding of Islamic doctrine.
Significance in Islamic Theology
Gabriel’s role is foundational in Islamic theology and practice:
- Mediator of Revelation: Serving as the vehicle for the divine revelation, Gabriel establishes the link between Allah and humanity.
- Guardian and Teacher: His presence assures support and protection to the Prophet, symbolizing divine guidance and protection for believers.
Cultural References
In addition to Quranic references, Gabriel appears in:
- Hadith: Prophetic traditions recount various appearances of Gabriel, including his presence during significant events in Islamic history.
- Islamic Literature and Art: Depictions of Jibril are found in classical Islamic texts and historical narratives, often portrayed as a figure of immense beauty and power.
Suggested Books for Further Studies
- “Angels in Islam” by Sheikh ‘Winston Diallo
- “Gabriel: Tradition, Reason, and Politics in the Quran” by Juan Cole
- “Approaching the Qur’an: The Early Revelations” by Michael Sells
- “The Lives of the Prophets” by Ibn Kathir
Takeaways
- Gabriel in Islam: Recognized as the messenger who revealed the Quran, Jibril is integral to Islamic belief, embodying divine communication and protection.
- Scriptural Basis: His role is well-documented in both the Quran and Hadith, underscoring the importance of correct theological understanding.
- Cultural and Historical Relevance: Gabriel’s influence extends across Islamic theology, literature, and sacred history, reflecting his significance in the broader Islamic worldview.
Conclusion
Gabriel (Jibril) holds a revered and multifaceted position in Islam, intertwining divine revelation, protection, and education. Study of his role offers profound insights into the theological and historical framework of Islamic faith and offers a deeper understanding of the connection between the divine and human experience in Islam.
