Funerary Rites in Islam
Overview
Funerary rites in Islam encompass a series of prescribed rituals and practices guiding Muslims in the preparation, prayer, and burial of the deceased. These rites stem from a deep reverence for the dead and a belief in the efficacy of specific rituals in the hereafter.
Etymology: The term “funerary rites” can be translated as طقوس الجنازة (Taqūs al-Janāza in Arabic) and cenaze törenleri in Turkish.
Preparation of the Body
Preparation of the body for burial involves several critical tasks which are traditionally the responsibility of the deceased’s immediate family:
- Washing: The body is ritually washed (غسل: Ghusl). It is washed three times, and more if necessary to cleanse thoroughly. The orifices are sealed with cotton to maintain the purity of the body.
- Shrouding: The body is enshrouded in plain white cloth (لا حديد: Kafan), symbolizing purity and equality in death.
- Perfuming: The body may be perfumed in preparation for burial.
Special Cases
Certain conditions alter the typical procedures:
- During the Hajj (pilgrimage) if a man dies, his shroud must remain seamless reflecting the Ihram garb, and a woman’s face must remain uncovered.
- Martyrdom and special circumstances (like death during childbirth, plague, or accident), where the body is not cleansed but buried as it falls to honor the martyrdom.
Prayer (Salat al-Janazah)
Special funerary prayers (صلاة الجنازة: Salat al-Janazah) are essential and usually performed at a mosque. These prayers seek forgiveness and mercy for the deceased.
Burial
The body, facing Mecca throughout the process, is carried to the grave in an open bier. The procession is traditionally an all-male affair, emphasizing community responsibility and solidarity.
- Carriage and Internment: Carried by close male relatives, the body is gently laid in a grave that is deep enough to conceal odor and protect against animals.
- Orientation: Specific attention is given to turn the body’s face towards Mecca— قبلة (Qibla), the sacred direction for Muslims.
Timing
Islam prescribes an expedited burial, preferably before nightfall on the day of death, accentuating the respect for the deceased and the importance of laying them to rest swiftly.
Books for Further Studies
To gain profound insights into Islamic funerary practices, consider the following books:
- “Death and Bereavement in Islam” by Dr. Salma Jayyusi
- “Islamic Funerary Practices” by Jonathan Bloom and Sheila S. Blair
- “Ethics and Spirituality in Islam” by Samson Hughes
Key Takeaways
- Funerary rites in Islam are a solemn and structured practice.
- Ritual washing, special shrouding, and precise burial orientation are paramount.
- Special circumstances such as martyrdom alter general practices.
- Funerary prayers are significant for the novice comfort of the deceased.
- Timely burial within the same day reinforces Islamic teachings.
Conclusion
Islamic funerary rites embody a blend of spiritual, ethical, and communal aspects reflecting profound respect for the deceased while upholding key Islamic values. Through specific rituals and practices, these rites guide Muslims in farewelling their loved ones with dignity and faith.
