Fitra
Fitra (Arabic: فطرة , Turkish: Fıtrat), According to the Quran, is the original state in which humans are created by God.
Etymology
The Arabic term “فطرة” (fitra) commonly translates to “natural disposition” or “primordial nature.” It is derived from the root verb “فَطَرَ” (fatara), which means “to create” or “to bring into existence.” This concept points to the innate goodness, purity, and natural inclination towards faith in the one true God with which every human is created.
Qur’anic Context
In the Quran, God is referred to as Al-Fatir (فَاطِرُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ), meaning “the Creator of the heavens and the earth.” Qur’anic verses that mention this concept often underscore the innate recognition of divine truth embedded within human nature.
One such verse is:
<p>“… [Adhere to] the fitra of Allah upon which He has created [all] people. No change should there be in the creation of Allah…” (Qur’an, 30:30)</p>
Prophetic Traditions
According to the Hadith literature — the collected sayings and actions of Prophet Muhammad — the concept of fitra elaborates on the natural state of inherent goodness and a predisposition towards believing in one God. An often-cited hadith states:
<p>“Every child is born upon the fitra, but his parents make him a Jew, a Christian, or a Magian…” (Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim)</p>
Sufi Interpretation
In Sufi thought, the concept of fitra often symbolizes the intrinsic purity and divine light that every soul is born with. Sufis believe that through spiritual practices and devotion, one seeks to restore this original state of harmony and purity, endeavoring to reconnect with their essential nature.
Books for Further Studies
For a more detailed exploration of the concept of Fitra, the following books are recommended:
- “The Concept of Faith in Islam” by Toshihiko Izutsu
- “Struggling to Surrender: Some Impressions of an American Convert to Islam” by Jeffrey Lang
- “Sufism: A Beginner’s Guide” by William C. Chittick
Takeaways and Conclusion
The concept of Fitra underscores a fundamental Islamic belief that all humans are born with an innate recognition of God and an inclination towards righteousness. This belief highlights human beings’ inherent potential for goodness and spirituality, which external influences can either nurture or suppress. Both the Quran and Hadith illuminate the centrality of Fitra, shaping theological discourse and spiritual practices within Islam, especially among Sufis who seek to reclaim this intrinsic state of balance and purity.
In summary, the understanding of Fitra guides Muslims towards recognizing the inherent goodness and divine essence within themselves, ultimately fostering a life aligned with natural and spiritual principles.
