Fijār (فجار)
Definition and Etymology
Fijār (فجار) - Fijār (فجار). Literally meaning “that which is unlawful,” the term Fijār is used to describe a series of sacrilegious wars fought between the Quraish and the Banū Hawāzin tribes in the late 6th century CE, around 580–590 CE. The term ‘Fijār’ originates from the Arabic root word “فجر” (Fajara), which means “to break” or “to violate,” indicating actions that are deemed sinful or forbidden.
Arabic Translation
- Arabic: فجار (Fijār)
- Transliteration: Fijār
Turkish Translation
- Turkish: Fijar Savaşları
Historical Context
The Fijār Wars occupy a notable place in pre-Islamic Arabian history. These conflicts were named as such because they occurred during the sacred months, a period when warfare was traditionally forbidden in Arab culture. The wars were a significant event during the early life of the Prophet Muhammad, who was a youth at the time and witnessed the conflicts first-hand. They highlight the socio-political conditions of the Arabian Peninsula prior to the advent of Islam and the tribal rivalries that often punctuated life during that period.
Key Details
- Period: Approx. 580–590 CE
- Main Tribes Involved: The Quraish and the Banū Hawāzin
- Cultural Impact: The wars serve as an important historical background for understanding the ethos and landscape into which Islam was later introduced.
Further Reading & References
For those interested in exploring the topic further, here are some recommended readings:
- The Life of Muhammad by Sir William Muir
- Islamic Historiography by Chase F. Robinson
- The Sealed Nectar by Safi-ur-Rahman al-Mubarakpuri
Takeaways
- The Fijār Wars reflect the tribal tumult and the socio-political disorder of pre-Islamic Arabia.
- Understanding these conflicts enhances our comprehension of the historical background of the Arabian Peninsula before the emergence of Islam.
- The term “Fijār” underlines the sanctity and respect that were accorded to certain times and acts, violation of which was seen as a grievous offense.
Conclusion
The term Fijār and the wars it refers to shed light on a critical part of Arabian history, reflecting both the intense tribal conflicts and the emerging societal shifts that eventually formed the backdrop for the advent of Islam. Knowing about the Fijār Wars provides valuable insights into the pre-Islamic era, allowing for a more comprehensive understanding of early Islamic history and the dynamics that necessitated the message brought by Prophet Muhammad.
Understanding these historical elements helps contextualize the cultural and religious importance of observances and non-violence during sacred periods in Islam.
