FATRAH (فترة)
Definition and Usage
Fatrah (فترة) is an Arabic term that encompasses several closely related meanings:
- Linguistic Intermission: It refers to a period of “languor” or “intermission,” particularly notable for its role in the life of Prophet Muhammad.
- The Qur’anic Interval: This term specifically denotes the interval between the revelation of the XCVIth (96th) Surah and the subsequent LXXIVth (74th) and XCIIIrd (93rd) Surahs of the Qur’an.
- Prophetic Interim: It also describes the period of time that elapses between the disappearance of one prophet and the emergence of another.
- Sufi Mysticism: In Sufi terminology, Fatrah is used to describe a temporary decline in spiritual progression.
Etymology
- Arabic: Fatrah (فترة)
- Turkish: Fatra
The term originates from the root Arabic word “فتر” (f-t-r), which carries connotations of weakness, sloth, or decline.
Historical and Theological Context
1. Intermission in Revelation:
Fatrah is most prominently associated with the early revelations received by Prophet Muhammad. It refers specifically to the interval between the first revelation (Surah 96) and the continuation (Surahs 74 and 93). During this period, it is said that the Prophet experienced a suspension of divine inspiration. Traditional accounts, gathered from various histories, suggest a range of interpretations regarding the duration and specifics of this interval, with some narrations proposing periods from seven months to seven years.
2. Contemplation of Suicide:
The prolonged delay led Prophet Muhammad into a state of profound despair, during which he reportedly contemplated ending his life by hurling himself from Mount Ḥirā’. This story encompasses the Prophet’s human struggles and his eventual reaffirmation of faith and mission, illustrating the deep psychological stresses he endured.
3. Inter-Prophetic Period:
In another theological application, the term Fatrah marks the intervals between the missions of different prophets. This usage underscores the continuity and connection within the prophetic tradition, emphasizing periods of divine silence filled later by subsequent revelations.
4. Sufi Spiritual Context:
In Sufi mysticism, Fatrah signifies a temporary decline or period of languor in one’s spiritual journey. Sufi mystic ʿAbdu ʾr-Razzāq elaborates on this term, pointing to its impact on the spiritual life, where practitioners may experience varying degrees of spiritual fervor and moments of stagnation.
Books for Further Study
- “The Qur’an: A New Translation” by M.A.S. Abdel Haleem - Offers insight and accessible translation of the Surahs associated with the Fatrah.
- “Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources” by Martin Lings - Provides a comprehensive biography of Prophet Muhammad, including the details of the Fatrah period.
- “Islamic Sufism Unbound: Second Edition” by J. Spencer Trimingham - Explores Sufi terminologies and practices, including the concept of Fatrah.
- “Prophethood and the Prophetic Covenant” by Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi - Discusses the role and intermission of prophethood in Islam.
Takeaways and Conclusion
The term Fatrah holds significant importance across various dimensions of Islamic theology, history, and mysticism:
- Spiritual Resilience: The concept particularly highlights the Prophet Muhammad’s psychological and spiritual struggles, reinforcing his human aspect and his ultimate triumph in faith.
- Continuity of Revelation: It serves as a theological marker, connecting the periods between prophetic missions.
- Sufi Perspective: In mystic tradition, it underscores the natural fluctuations in spiritual growth and the journey towards divine proximity.
Conclusion: The term Fatrah thus encapsulates a rich tapestry of meanings—from historical and theological significance to its use in describing personal spiritual journeys within Sufi mysticism. Understanding this term provides deeper insight into the multi-dimensional aspects of Islamic beliefs and experiences.
