Fatq (فتق)
Definition
Fatq (فتق), translated as “Opening,” is a term prominently used in Sufi mysticism to articulate the fundamental belief in the eternity of matter alongside its transformative development during the process of creation. The concept encapsulates the cosmic dynamics between the eternal divine origin and the unfolding phenomena within the universe.
Etymology
The term Fatq (فتق) is derived from the Arabic root ف-ت-ق (F-T-Q), which carries connotations of opening, splitting, or expanding.
- Arabic: فتق
- Turkish: Açılış
Usage in Sufism
According to ʿAbdu ʾr-Razzāq’s Dictionary of Sufi Terms, Fatq is deployed to explore the intricate philosophical tenses associated with the manifestation of the universe from an absolute reality. In Sufism, this opening or expansion is perceived as a continual process whereby the divine essence reveals attributes through the prism of creation, enabling the interaction between an unchanged eternal principle and the dynamic, multi-faceted cosmos.
Key Aspects:
- Eternity of Matter: The belief in the pre-existence and perpetual durability of matter in some eternal state.
- Development in Creation: The evolution and unfolding of created things from this static principle into diverse forms and phenomena visible in the material world.
Suggested Books for Further Study
For an in-depth understanding of Fatq and related Sufi metaphysical concepts, consider the following texts:
- “The Sufis” by Idries Shah - A comprehensive introduction to Sufism.
- “The Mystical Teachings of Al-Shadhili: Including His Life, Prayers, Letters, and Followers: A Study of a North African Mystic” by Ibrahim M. Abu-Rabi’.
- “The Sufi Path of Knowledge: Ibn al-Arabi’s Metaphysics of Imagination” by William Chittick - Provides an extensive examination of Ibn al-Arabi’s mystical approaches that include concepts like Fatq.
Takeaways
- Fatq is an essential term within Sufism, highlighting profound aspects of the metaphysical understanding of the universe.
- It denotes an ‘opening’ or ‘splitting’ that signifies both a dynamic creation process and the eternal constancy of the material essence.
- The concept embeds deep mystical insights, coupling spiritual doctrine with metaphysical ontology.
Conclusion
The notion of Fatq (فتق) serves as an intellectually rich tool in the Sufi tradition to comprehend the transcendental principles of eternity and the temporal world. In essence, it reflects the ongoing dialogue between infinite divinity and finite existence, propelling significant philosophical deliberations within the Islamic mystical framework.
