Farz Kifāʾī (فرض كفائى) in Islam
Etymology and Translations
Farz Kifāʾī (فرض كفائى) is derived from two Arabic words: Farz (فرض) meaning “imperative command” and Kifāʾī (كفائى) meaning “sufficient.” In Turkish, it is referred to as Farz-ı kifâye.
Definition
Farz Kifāʾī refers to a collective duty or obligation in Islam that is prescribed for all Muslims. However, if a sufficient number of community members perform it, the duty is considered fulfilled on behalf of all. If neglected by all, the entire community is regarded as sinful.
Key Elements of Farz Kifāʾī
The specific acts considered under Farz Kifāʾī often focus on social and communal well-being. Commonly cited examples include:
- Returning a Salutation: A communal obligation to return a greeting, ensuring social harmony and courtesy.
- Visiting the Sick: Showing compassion and ensuring that community members are cared for during illness.
- Following a Bier: Participating in the funeral process to show respect and support for the deceased and their family.
- Accepting an Invitation to Dinner: Strengthening social bonds and maintaining community unity.
- Replying to a Sneeze: Acknowledging the sneeze of another, often with the phrase “Yarhamuk Allah” (May Allah have mercy on you).
There are additional actions that some scholars include in Farz Kifāʾī obligations:
- Giving Advice When Asked: Providing guidance to those who seek it, contributing to better decision-making within the community.
- Helping to Verify an Oath: Assisting a fellow Muslim in confirming a pledge or promise.
- Assisting a Person in Distress: Offering support irrespective of the individual’s religious background, as emphasized by ʿAbdu ʾl-Ḥaqq.
Significance in Islam
The concept of Farz Kifāʾī exemplifies the importance of community in Islam. It teaches Muslims the balance between individual and collective responsibilities, promotes the welfare of the society, and fosters a sense of solidarity and interdependence among community members.
Suggested Books for Further Studies
- “Essential Islam: A Comprehensive Guide to Belief and Practice” by Diane Morgan - Offers a summary of fundamental Islamic beliefs and practices, including the concept of Farz Kifāʾī.
- “The Concise Encyclopedia of Islam” by Cyril Glasse - Provides a broad overview of Islamic concepts, terms, and practices, ideal for understanding Farz Kifāʾī and other duties.
- “Islamic Jurisprudence” by Mohammad Hashim Kamali - Explores the foundations and applications of Islamic law, including communal obligations such as Farz Kifāʾī.
Takeaways and Conclusion
- Farz Kifāʾī represents collective duties within Islam, emphasizing the role of community in individual actions.
- Performing these duties strengthens social bonds and ensures communal harmony.
- The concept teaches the balance between personal responsibilities and communal obligations, promoting a healthy, supportive community.
Conclusion
In summary, Farz Kifāʾī plays a pivotal role in the social fabric of Muslim communities, ensuring that important duties benefiting the community are fulfilled. Understanding and practicing these obligations is crucial for maintaining the values of compassion, support, and unity in Islam.
Understanding Farz Kifāʾī provides insight into how Islamic teachings extend beyond individual actions to encompass communal responsibilities, thereby fostering stronger, more compassionate communities grounded in shared faith and mutual support.
