The Dying in Islam
Introduction
Islamic tradition places significant importance on the treatment of dying individuals, mandating specific spiritual and practical steps to ensure their peaceful transition. These practices stem from both the Quran and the Hadith, and are elaborated upon in classic Islamic jurisprudence texts like the “Durru’l-Mukhtār.”
Etymology and Translations
- Arabic: الموتى (Al-Mawtā) - The Dead/Dying
- Turkish: Ölüm - Death
Traditional Practices and Instructions
Orientation Towards Makkah
It is recommended to position the head of the dying person towards Makkah, if feasible. Alternatively, the feet should be directed towards Makkah with the head slightly elevated. This practice symbolizes facing the Qibla, which holds a profound significance in a Muslim’s life and afterlife.
Recitation of Kalimatu’l-Shahādah
Reciting the Kalimatu’l-Shahādah (كلمة الشهادة), the testimony of faith, is essential. This quintessential declaration of the oneness of Allah and the prophethood of Muhammad serves as a reaffirmation of faith at the final moments of life.
<p><strong>Shahādah:</strong> “Ashhadu an lā ilāha illā Allāh, wa ashhadu anna Muḥammadan rasūlu Allāh”<br> <strong>Transliteration:</strong> “I testify that there is no deity but Allah, and I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.”</p>
Qur’anic Recitations
Surah Yā-Sīn (Yasīn, 36) and Surah Ar-Ra’d (The Thunder, 13) are recited for their spiritual benefits and comfort they provide to the dying person. These recitations are considered to ease the soul’s departure.
Post-Death Rituals
Upon the departure of the spirit, the mouth of the deceased should be tied to prevent it from opening, the eyes should be gently closed, and the arms straightened. The body should then be perfumed, and purity must be maintained around the corpse, allowing only clean individuals to handle it.
Immediate Steps After Death
A swift and respectful washing (ghusl) of the body follows, preparing it for burial. Detailed rules cover every aspect, ensuring the sanctity and cleanliness conform to Islamic law.
Further Studies
To explore this topic further, the following books and writings offer deep insight:
- “The Book of Assistance” by Imam Abdallah Ibn Alawi Al-Haddad
- “Islamic Jurisprudence According to the Four Sunni Schools: Volume I” by Abdur Rahman Ibn Yusuf
- “Death and the Afterlife in Islam” by Jane I. Smith and Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad
- “Living and Dying with Grace” by Akbar S. Ahmed
Takeaways and Conclusion
The prescribed treatment of the dying in Islam underscores the importance of spiritual preparedness and respect for the deceased. These practices reflect core Islamic values of faith, purity, and reverence for human dignity. The practices are designed to provide comfort to the dying and ensure their readiness for the Hereafter, while also offering the bereaved a structured way to honor their loved ones.
By following these traditions, Muslims demonstrate their commitment to maintaining spiritual continuity and reverence for divine commandments, even at the threshold between life and the hereafter.
