Dhahabi, Shaykh Muhammad Husayn
Etymology and Translation
- Etymology: The name “Dhahabi” comes from the Arabic word “ذهبي” (dhahabi), meaning “golden.”
- Arabic: الشيخ محمد حسين الذهبي
- Turkish: Şeyh Muhammed Hüseyin Zihabi
Definition and Key Details
Dhahabi, Shaykh Muhammad Husayn (d. 1977) was a prominent Egyptian religious leader, minister of religious endowments, and the shaykh of the renowned al-Azhar University, one of the highest authorities in Sunni Islam.
Career and Influence
- Ministerial Role: He served as the Egyptian minister of religious endowments (awqaf), overseeing religious properties and their management.
- Al-Azhar Leadership: As shaykh of al-Azhar, he held a paramount position in Islamic academia and global Muslim leadership.
- Critic of Extremism: Known for his outspoken criticism of Islamic extremists and militants, he was a voice for moderation and scholarly interpretations of Islam.
Assassination and Its Impact
In July 1977, Shaykh Dhahabi was kidnapped by the militant group Takfir wa’l-Hijrah. The group, which sought to exchange him for their imprisoned members, ultimately executed him when their demands were unmet. His tragic death led to a renewed and intensified governmental action against militant Islamic organizations in Egypt.
Suggested Books for Further Studies
- “Political Islam: Revolution, Radicalism, or Reform?” by John L. Esposito and John O. Voll - Provides context on the various forms of political Islam and their impacts.
- “Milestones” by Sayyid Qutb - Examines the ideological foundation of contemporary Islamist movements, providing background on the groups like Takfir wa’l-Hijrah.
- “Islamic Revivalism: The Case of the Muslim Brotherhood” by S.V.R. Nasr - Offers insightful analysis into Islamic revivalist movements within Egypt and their broader implications.
Takeaways
- Shaykh Muhammad Husayn Dhahabi was an influential religious leader committed to a moderate interpretation of Islam.
- His role as both a government minister and leading scholar of al-Azhar highlights the intersection of religious and political authority in modern Egypt.
- His assassination underscores the persistent challenges and violent opposition faced by moderate Islamic voices.
Conclusion
Shaykh Muhammad Husayn Dhahabi’s life and tragic assassination shine a light on the complex dynamics within Islamic leadership and the perilous landscape of religious extremism. His legacy remains a testament to the enduring struggle for a balanced and scholarly practice of Islam against the backdrop of radical opposition.
