Darqawi Tariqah
Introduction
The Darqawi Tariqah is a revivalist branch of the Shadhili Tariqah, known for its emphasis on emotional fervor and the contemplative life modeled by wandering dervishes. Originally established by followers of Ahmad al-Arabi al-Darqawi after his death, the Darqawi Tariqah became the most widespread, largest, and most influential Sufi order in North Africa, spawning numerous derivative branches.
Etymology and Translations
The term “Darqawi” is derived from the name of Ahmad al-Arabi al-Darqawi. In Arabic, it is written as “الطريقة الدرقاوية” (At-Tariqah al-Darqawīyyah). The Turkish translation is “Darqavi Tarikatı.”
Foundational Principles
The Darqawi Tariqah focuses on restoring genuine communication with God through ecstatic states achieved via a combination of prayer, dhikr (remembrance), and dance. This approach places a significant emphasis on spiritual purification, distancing itself from the perceived exploitation of barakah (spiritual blessing) and excessive repetition of prayers by established Sufi orders.
Historical Context and Influence
The movement played a crucial role as a politico-religious opposition to Ottoman rule in North Africa. The Darqawi Tariqah not only thrived as a spiritual and social order but also became important for its political stance and cultural impact.
Unique Features
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Leadership: The Darqawi Tariqah is notable for permitting women to serve in leadership roles, a relatively unique feature among many Islamic orders.
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Ritual Practices: Emphasizes emotional and ecstatic forms of worship. Common practices include dhikr and sema (spiritual listening) accompanied by physical movements or dance to induce trance-like states that facilitate a direct connection with the divine.
Tensions and Relations
The Tariqah exhibited hostility towards the contemporary Tijani Order, as it positioned itself distinctively in its practices and principles. However, it maintained and built upon the foundational aspects of the broader Shadhili tariqah.
Books for Further Studies
- *“The Darqawi Way: Letters of a Sufi Master” by Ahmad al-Darqawi.
- “Quest for the Red Sulphur: The Life of Ibn ‘Arabi” by Claude Addas.
Takeaways
The Darqawi Tariqah remains an influential Sufi order characterized by its emphasis on emotional spirituality, ecstatic worship, and political involvement. Its focus on authentic religious experience and opposition to Ottoman authority highlights its enduring significance in the spiritual and socio-political landscape of North Africa.
Conclusion
The Darqawi Tariqah, as a revivalist branch of the Shadhili Tariqah, stands out for its emphasis on emotional fervor and active political resistance. Its inclusive leadership practices and unique approach to spirituality reflect a dynamic interpretation of Sufi traditions. For a deeper understanding of its place within Islamic history, further exploration through primary texts and scholarly analysis is recommended.
See also: [Shadhili Tariqah](link to entry).
