Cremation - Definition, Etymology, and Perspective in Islam
Definition of Cremation
Cremation is the process of disposing of the dead by burning the body until it turns into ashes. This practice contrasts with burial, where the body is interred in the ground.
Etymology
The term “cremation” is derived from the Latin word “crematio,” which means “burning.” In Arabic, cremation is referred to as حرق الجثث (harq al-juthath) and in Turkish, it is called “kremasyon.”
Islamic Perspective on Cremation
Theological Considerations
In Islam, cremation is generally prohibited due to specific theological, legal, and cultural reasons. The human body is regarded as a creation of Allah (God) and is to be treated with great respect, both in life and in death.
Legal Rulings (Fatwas)
According to the majority of Islamic scholars and traditional Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh), cremation is not permissible. The Quran and Hadith provide guidance on the sanctity of the human body and the preferred method of dealing with the dead. The Prophet Muhammad emphasized the importance of quick, respectful burials. Some key references include:
- Qur’anic Verse (Al-Mu’minun 23:53): This verse speaks about the dignity of humans and infers the respect due to human bodies.
- Hadith: “The breaking of a dead man’s bone is like breaking it when he is alive” (Sunan Ibn Majah), stressing the sanctity of the deceased.
Cultural Practices
In Muslim cultures, burial is highly ritualized and involves reciting specific prayers (Janazah), washing and shrouding the body (Ghusl and Kafan), and a quick burial facing the Qibla (direction of Mecca). Cremation, contrastingly, is seen as not respectful and is avoidable.
Books for Further Studies
- “Islamic Law and Society” by Joseph Schacht: Explores various aspects and cases of Islamic legal traditions.
- “Death and Burial in the Moorish Islamic West: An Archaeological Approach” by Yassir Benhima: Understands the practical aspects of traditional Islamic burial practices.
- “The Islamic Funeral Rites” by Muhammad Ibrahim: Provides detailed descriptions of the rites and their significance.
Conclusion & Takeaways
Cremation, while practiced in many cultures around the world, is largely forbidden within the Islamic tradition due to theological and legal reasons. Respect for the human body—deemed sacred regardless of life or death—underlines the Islamic preference for burial. For those researching or studying Islamic practices, understanding the reasons behind this prohibition offers insight into the broader principles of respect and morality pervasive in Islamic teachings.
By exploring Islamic jurisprudence, theological stances, and cultural practices, one gains a well-rounded understanding of why cremation is not aligned with Islamic customs.
