Commerce in Islam
Arabic: Tijārah (تجارة)
Turkish: Ticaret
Commerce, known as Tijārah (تجارة) in Arabic and Ticaret in Turkish, holds a significant role in Islamic culture and theology. It is not merely a worldly activity but is deeply embedded in the spiritual and ethical fabric of Islam.
Etymology
- Arabic: Tijārah (تجارة)
- Turkish: Ticaret
The term Tijārah derives from the root verb tājar (تاجر), which means “to trade” or “to conduct commercial activity.”
Qur’anic Foundation
Commerce is explicitly mentioned and endorsed in the Qur’an. For instance, Surah Al-Isra (17:68) emphasizes the mercy and guidance of God in enabling commerce:
<p>“It is your Lord who drives the ships for you in the sea that ye may seek after plenty from Him; verily He is ever merciful to you. And when distress touches you in the sea, those whom ye call upon, except Him, stray away from you; but when He has brought you safe to shore, ye also turn away (from God); for man is ever ungrateful.” (Qur’an 17:68)</p>
This passage highlights commerce as an activity blessed and facilitated by God, underscoring its importance in human life.
Ethical Considerations
Islamic commerce is governed by a set of ethical guidelines:
- Fairness: Transactions must be transparent and just.
- Honesty: Truthfulness is paramount in business dealings.
- Trustworthiness: Maintaining trust in transactions strengthens societal bonds.
Zakāt and Commerce
Zakāt, one of the Five Pillars of Islam, plays a crucial role in regulating commerce:
- Obligation: Zakāt is due on merchandise of every description.
- Rate: It is calculated at 2.5% (or 1/40) of the total value of the merchandise.
Zakāt ensures the circulation of wealth and minimizes economic disparities, thereby promoting social justice.
Recommended Books for Further Study
-
“Islamic Finance: Principles and Practice” by Hans Visser
- A comprehensive guide on the principles underlying Islamic finance, covering both theory and practice.
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“Introduction to Islamic Economics: Theory and Application” by Hossein Askari, Zamir Iqbal, and Abbas Mirakhor
- Offers an in-depth analysis of Islamic economic principles, including commerce.
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“Trade and Commerce in the Quran” by Sayyid Abul A’la Maududi
- An insightful exploration of Qur’anic verses related to commerce and their implications.
Key Takeaways
- Commerce (Tijārah) in Islam is a holistic activity intertwined with ethical and spiritual responsibilities.
- The Qur’an endorses commerce as a mercy from God, emphasizing the need for gratitude and righteousness.
- Zakāt regulates commerce, ensuring fairness, wealth redistribution, and social equity.
Conclusion
Commerce in Islam transcends mere transactional activity, embedding itself within a broader ethical and spiritual context. By adhering to the principles of fairness, honesty, and social justice, Islamic commerce aims to foster a balanced and equitable society.
For deeper understanding, the recommended readings provide extensive insights into the dynamic and multifaceted nature of commerce in Islam.
By structuring the content in this format, readers can gain a comprehensive yet succinct understanding of the concept of commerce in Islam while being guided towards detailed resources for further exploration.
