Chastity

Chastity

Definition and Significance in Islam

Chastity in Islam pertains to the preservation of one’s modesty and sexual propriety within the boundaries established by Islamic law (Sharia). It is a fundamental value that encompasses not only abstaining from illicit sexual relations but also maintaining purity in thoughts, actions, and relationships.

Etymology

The term ‘chastity’ is derived from the Latin word “castitas,” meaning purity or cleanliness. In Arabic, the equivalent word is “عفة” (ʿiffah), and in Turkish, it is “iffet”.

Islamic Perspective on Chastity

In Islam, chastity is a highly regarded moral attribute, and both men and women are exhorted to uphold it. The Qur’an and Hadiths (sayings of Prophet Muhammad) include numerous references that emphasize the importance of chastity.

Key Qur’anic Verses and Hadiths

• Qur’an (24:30-31): These verses instruct Muslim men and women to lower their gaze and guard their private parts as a means of preserving chastity.
• Hadith: The Prophet Muhammad said, “Whoever can guarantee the chastity of what is between his two jawbones (the tongue) and what is between his two legs (private parts), I guarantee Paradise for him” (Sahih al-Bukhari).

Comparison with Other Religions

In comparative religion contexts, Islamic chastity is often evaluated against Christian and Jewish teachings. The extract from William Muir’s “Life of Mahomet” reflects a Victorian-era critique comparing Islamic practices unfavorably with those in Christianity and Judaism, particularly highlighting aspects involving:

1. Polygamy and Divorce: Critique often focuses on the Islamic permission of polygamy (up to four wives) and the relatively more relaxed provisions for divorce.
2. Concubinage and Slavery: Historical practices of concubinage and taking of slaves and captives in war are also points of contention in discussions of Islamic chastity vis-à-vis other religious traditions.
3. Temporary Marriage (Mut’ah): This form of marriage in Shiite Islam often comes under scrutiny, contrasting with permanent matrimonial frameworks in other religions.

Related Topics

• Concubinage: Classical Islamic law historically permitted concubinage under conditions and regulations, contrasted with modern ethical norms.
• Slavery: Islamic teachings mandated humane treatment of slaves and encouraged manumission, but the practice of keeping concubines among slaves has faced criticism.
• Temporary Marriage (Mut’ah): More common in Shiite Islam, it involves a contractual marriage for a specified duration.
• Divorce and Marriage: Islamic laws provide specific guidelines for divorce to ensure justice and fairness while maintaining the institution of marriage as a sanctified bond.

Books for Further Studies

1. “Sexual Ethics and Islam: Feminist Reflections on Qur’an, Hadith, and Jurisprudence” by Kecia Ali
2. “Marriage and Morals in Islam” by Sayyid Muhammad Rizvi
3. “The Lawful and Prohibited in Islam” (Al-Halal wal-Haram fil Islam) by Yusuf al-Qaradawi
4. “Concubinage and the Status of Women: Harlots and Charlatans in the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Traditions” by Matei Cazacu

Conclusion

Chastity in Islam is integrated into a broader ethical and moral framework that governs personal and social conduct. The stipulations regarding marriage, divorce, and relationships reflect a balance between human desires and ethical boundaries. Understanding this comprehensive approach requires an exploration within the context of Islamic teachings and an awareness of its historical and cultural applications.

Takeaways

• Chastity in Islam involves more than just sexual abstinence; it includes maintaining overall purity.
• Comparative religious studies highlight differences and sometimes critique Islamic practices based on their historical contexts.
• Related aspects like polygamy, divorce, concubinage, and temporary marriages present complex historical practices and contemporary ethical discussions.