Celibacy (Arabic ʿUzūbah) in Islam
Definition
Celibacy, in the context of Islamic teachings, refers to the state of abstaining from marriage and sexual relations. The Arabic term for celibacy is ʿUzūbah (عزوبة), which carries connotations of solitude but does not explicitly imply any formal renunciation of marriage for religious reasons.
Etymology
The term ʿUzūbah derives from the Arabic root “ʿ-Z-B” (ع-ز-ب), which relates to being single or solitary. The term has implications of choosing or experiencing a life without a marital partner.
Islamic Perspective on Celibacy
Islam generally promotes the institution of marriage as a means to fulfill natural human instincts, provide companionship, and ensure social stability. Marriage is highly regarded and is considered completing half of one’s faith. This is reflected in the saying of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him): “When a Muslim marries, he perfects half of his religion.”
Hadith and Textual Insights
A notable instance illustrating the Islamic view on celibacy involves ʿUs̤mān ibn Maz̤ʿūn, a companion of the Prophet, who wished to lead a celibate life. The Prophet (peace be upon him) forbade him, reiterating that marriage is a significant part of completing one’s faith.
This is documented in:
- Mishkāt al-Maṣābīḥ, Book XII, Chapter XX
Balancing Celibacy and Marriage
While marriage is strongly recommended in Islam, celibacy is not absolutely condemned. Some individuals may choose celibacy for various personal or situational reasons, but it’s generally seen as a less preferable state compared to marriage. This is because marriage fosters family life, mutual support, and helps prevent sinful behavior.
Arabic and Turkish Translations
- Arabic: ʿUzūbah (عزوبة)
- Turkish: Bekarlık or Bekâr yaşama
Further Reading
For those interested in a deeper understanding of celibacy and its place in Islam, the following books are recommended:
- “Marriage and Morals in Islam” by Sayyid Muhammad Rizvi
- “The Islamic Marriage Handbook” by Syed Athar Husain S.H. Rizvi
- “Family Structure in Islam” by Hammudah ʿAbd al-Ati
Key Takeaways
- Celibacy (ʿUzūbah) in Islam refers to abstaining from marriage and sexual relations.
- Marriage is highly encouraged in Islam as it completes half of one’s faith and provides various social benefits.
- The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) emphasized the importance of marriage, even advising against voluntary celibacy among his close companions.
- Celibacy is not condemned but is seen as a lower form of life in comparison to the married state.
Conclusion
The concept of celibacy in Islam underscores the high value placed on marriage and family life. While celibacy is not denounced outright, the faith underscores that marriage holds a crucial position in achieving personal and spiritual growth. Understanding this balance can help Muslims navigate their personal choices in alignment with their faith.
