Carpets

Carpets

Etymology and Translations

• Etymology: The word “carpet” originates from the Old French term carpete, descending from the Medieval Latin carpita, meaning a thick woolen cloth or fabric.
• Arabic: سجادة (sajjādah)
• Turkish: Halı

Introduction

Carpets are a significant cultural and artistic feature in Islamic societies, epitomizing both utilitarian objects and intricate works of art. Their production areas extend from Morocco in the west to western China in the east. This tradition has deep roots in regions known for dry and temperate climates, marginal grazing lands, and nomadic or semi-nomadic pastoral traditions.

Geographical and Cultural Importance

The primary regional traditions in carpet weaving include:

1. Anatolia (Modern-day Turkey): Known for its distinctive geometric patterns and brightly-colored wool carpets.
2. Iran (Persia): Renowned for its silk carpets with intricate floral designs, medallions, and hunting scenes.
3. Transcaucasia (Region between the Black Sea and Caspian Sea): Famous for large central medallions, depicting dragons and phoenix birds.
4. Turkic Central Asia: Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan produce carpets known for their symbolic and tribal motifs known as “guls”.

Carpet Types and Techniques

Carpets can be broadly categorized into two main types:

• Pile Carpets: These have a warp and weft foundation with knotted threads creating a pile. Iranian Tabriz and Kashan carpets are iconic examples.
• Flat-Woven Carpets (Kilims): These have interwoven warp and weft, without a knotted pile. They are common in Anatolia and North Africa.

Islamic Semantics

• Prayer Rugs (Sajjadah): A subset of carpets dedicated specifically for individual prayer, often decorated with niches (mihrabs) indicating the direction of Mecca (Qibla).

Further Studies

1. “Carpets of the Orient” by Jon Thompson – A detailed exploration of different carpet-making traditions across the Islamic world.
2. “The Persian Carpet: A Survey of the Carpet-Weaving Industry of Persia” by A. Cecil Edwards – Examines the history and techniques of Persian carpets.
3. “Oriental Rugs: A Complete Guide” by Murray L. Eiland & Murray Eiland III – Inclusive guide illustrated with regions, styles, and historical aspects.

Conclusion and Takeaways

Carpets in Islam serve not only as household items but symbols of art and culture with historical, social, and sometimes spiritual significance. Through weaving steadily honed over centuries, these artistic marvels continue to transcend beyond their utilitarian roles, becoming treasured heirlooms and prized artworks. Understanding the stories embedded in these carpets enriches one’s appreciation of the diverse Islamic artistic heritage.

Conclusively, carpets in Islamic culture embody a profound amalgamation of utility, cultural identity, and masterful artistry, leaving a lasting impression that weaves together past traditions with present cultural expressions.