Buraq
Etymology and Translations
The term Buraq (Arabic: البُراق) originates from the root ب-ر-ق (b-r-q), which means “lightning” or “bright.” The name is evocative of both the swiftness and the radiant essence of the creature. In Turkish, it is translated as Burak.
Description
Buraq is a legendary winged creature in Islamic tradition, often described as a magnificent white steed that is smaller than a mule but larger than a donkey. This again is symbolically powerful, denoting nobility mixed with accessibility and humility. Buraq features a humanoid face or may sometimes be depicted with the face of a beautiful woman, in order to further embellish its illustrious qualities.
The Night Journey
According to Islamic texts, notably the Qur’an (Surah Al-Isra, 17:1) and Hadith literature, Buraq was the creature that carried the Prophet Muhammad on his miraculous Isra wal Mi’raj—the Night Journey and Ascension. This event holds profound significance in Islamic tradition. Firstly, Buraq transported the Prophet from Mecca to Jerusalem (Isra). Secondly, from the Al-Aqsa Mosque, Muhammad ascended through the seven heavens, encountering various prophets and finally entering the divine presence of God (Mi’raj).
Seven Heavens and Other Realms
In the course of this sacred journey, Buraq not only ventured through the seven heavens but also navigated realms like hell and paradise. This illustrated the Prophet’s unprecedented spiritual expedition, later becoming an essential part of Islamic eschatology and theology.
Buraq in Islamic Art and Culture
Images of Buraq feature prominently in Islamic and Mughal art. Although iconography is generally limited in Islam, the Buraq remains an exception, notably in manuscript illuminations, miniature paintings, and West African folk art, where it symbolizes the Prophet Muhammad’s visionary experiences, indicating his direct communication with the divine.
Symbolism
Buraq serves as a symbol of divine illumination and spiritual ascendance, representing the connection between the physical and spiritual realms. Additionally, Buraq has cultural significance beyond Islamic scripture; tales about this creature are ingrained in broader Islamic lore and folklore.
Further Reading
- “The Miraculous Journey of Mahomet” by Marie-Rose Seguy
- “The Mystical Dimensions of Islam” by Annemarie Schimmel
- “The Tales of the Prophets of al-Kisa’i”, translated by Wheeler M. Thackston
- “Islamic Art: Mirror of the Invisible World” narrated by Susan Sarandon for set historical and cultural contexts
Key Takeaways
- Divine Messenger: Reflecting Buraq’s role in conveying divine will and facilitating prophetic messages.
- Spiritual & Aesthetic Symbol: Featuring prominently in art and symbolizing the metaphysical and artistic dimensions in Islam.
- Connection Between Realms: Emphasizing its duty to bridge the finite and the infinite, the worldly and the divine.
Conclusion
Buraq embodies a rich and complex iconography within Islamic tradition, playing a vital role in some of the most revered narratives about the Prophet Muhammad. Its representation in various art forms not only accentuates the majestic aura attributed to Muhammad’s Night Journey but also serves as a reminder of the mystical connections integral to the Islamic faith.
By delving into the cultural, religious, and artistic facets of Buraq, we gain deeper insights into Islamic views on prophecy, spirituality, and the wondrous acts attributed to divine intervention.
