Buhtān (بهتان)
Definition and Significance
Buhtān (بهتان) refers to a false accusation or calumny. It implies levying a deceitful claim against someone who is innocent. In Islamic ethics and law, engaging in buhtān is considered a grievous wrong and a major sin.
Etymology
The term Buhtān (Arabic: بهتان) finds its root in the Arabic verb “بَهَتَ” (bahata), meaning to surprise or astonish, often used in the context of shocking someone with falsehood.
Islamic Context
The Qur’an and Buhtān
The Qur’an explicitly mentions the gravity of committing buhtān on two notable occasions:
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Surah An-Nisa (4:112) - “Whoso commits a fault or sin, and throws it upon one who is innocent, he hath to bear calumny (buhtān) and manifest sin.”
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Surah An-Nur (24:15) - “And why did ye not say when ye heard it, ‘It is not for us to speak of this’? Celebrated be Thy praises, this is a mighty calumny (buhtān).”
These verses underline that attributing falsehood to someone innocent is not just an ethical transgression but also a “manifest sin” with severe consequences in this life and the Hereafter.
Arabic and Turkish Translations
- Arabic: بهتان
- Turkish: Bühtan
Ethical Implications
Calumny disrupts social harmony and damages reputations unjustly. In Islam, safeguarding the honor and dignity of another individual is paramount. Thus, uttering or spreading buhtān incurs severe moral and spiritual repercussions.
Books for Further Studies
- “The Concept of Justice in Islam” by Mohammad Hashim Kamali - A comprehensive look at justice in Islamic teachings, including aspects of false accusation.
- “Ethics and Spiritual Growth” by Sayyid Hussein Nasr - Discusses various ethical practices and their significance in spiritual development.
- “The Message of the Qur’an” translated by Muhammad Asad - Provides extended commentary on verses dealing with truthfulness and false accusations.
Takeaways
- Major Sin: Buhtān is considered a grievous moral wrong.
- Two Mentions in Qur’an: Reflects its severity and the clarity with which the Qur’an denounces it.
- Social Impact: Engaging in buhtān disrupts communal harmony and fosters injustice.
Conclusion
Buhtān, being a grievous false accusation, holds severe implications in Islamic ethics and law. It is condemned strongly by the Qur’an and acts as a reminder for Muslims to uphold truthfulness and integrity in their daily interactions. Understanding its severity helps reinforce the value Islam places on justice and moral behavior.
By expanding this entry, one can gain a deeper appreciation for the ethical and spiritual frameworks embedded in Islamic teachings regarding truthfulness and the safeguarding of others’ reputations.
