Islam in Brunei

Islam in Brunei

Etymology and Translations

Islam in Brunei refers to the religious practice and cultural influence of Islam within the nation of Brunei. In Arabic, Brunei is often referred to as “بروناي” (pronounced: Barūnāy), and in Turkish, it is called “Bruney”.

Introduction

Islam is Brunei’s national religion, firmly embedded in its cultural and legal fabric. Sixty-five percent of Brunei’s population identifies as Muslim, predominantly following Sunni Islam under the Shafii school of thought. This denomination of Islam has significant implications for daily practices, legal matters, and social norms in the country.

Historical Background

Islam was introduced to Brunei in the fifteenth century when a Malay Muslim was installed as the sultan. This historical moment marked the beginning of a deep-seated Islamic influence that has shaped Brunei’s identity ever since. The sultan played a central role in advocating for and upholding Islamic principles, with administrative responsibilities generally delegated to appointed officials.

Demography

The majority of Brunei’s Muslims are of Malay origin. Other notable Islamic demographics include the Kedayans—who converted from indigenous tribal affiliations—and Chinese converts to Islam. These diverse groups collectively contribute to the multifaceted Islamic culture present in Brunei.

Government and Religion

Since the 1930s, Brunei’s sultans have utilized the country’s rising oil revenues to exemplify stewardship over religious and social welfare. Important initiatives include:

• Subsidizing the Hajj: State support allows Muslims to complete their pilgrimage to Mecca.
• Building Mosques: Significant investment has been made to construct and maintain places of worship.
• Expanding Religious Affairs: The Department of Religious Affairs manages state-related religious practices and education.

Contemporary Practice

The current sultan advocates for a governing philosophy termed the Malay Islamic Monarchy (MIB), positioning it as a unique national ideological framework distinct from other Islamic governance models, such as Islamic theocracy. This promotes a form of governance in which Islamic values are closely intertwined with the country’s monarchical traditions.

Books for Further Studies

1. Islam in Southeast Asia by Fred R. Von Der Mehden
2. Brunei: Traditions of Monarchic Culture and History by Henry Goodall J.V.
3. The Malay Islamic World: Problems of Integration by R.H. Wijanto

Takeaways

• Historical Integration: Islam has been central to Brunei’s history since the fifteenth century.
• Social and Religious Cohesion: Significant state resources are allocated to promoting and sustaining Islamic practices and welfare systems.
• Ideological Framework: The Malay Islamic Monarchy remains a key national ideology endorsed by the ruling sultan.

Conclusion

Islam in Brunei forms the backbone of national identity, deeply influencing its culture, governance, and social systems. From its historical roots in the fifteenth century to modern-day ideological constructs like the Malay Islamic Monarchy, Islam remains an anchoring element shaping the nation’s past, present, and future.